Contagious bovine pleuropneumonia: Seroprevalence and risk factors in Western Oromia, Ethiopia

Abstract

Contagious bovine pleuropneumonia (CBPP) is one of the most important threats to cattle health and production in Ethiopia. At the livestock farm of the Bako Agricultural Research Center, an outbreak of respiratory disease of cattle occurred in May 2011, and many animals were affected and died before the disease was diagnosed. Therefore, this study was designed to determine the seroprevalence of CBPP antibodies in selected districts of Western Oromia Region and to assess the potential risk factors for the occurrence of the disease. A cross-sectional study was conducted from November 2013 to March 2014 in three selected districts of Western Oromia Region. A total of 386 sera were examined for the presence of specific antibodies against Mycoplasma mycoidesmycoides small colony (MmmSC), using a competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The risk factors that were evaluated in this study were geographical location, age, sex, breed and body condition. The overall seroprevalence in this study was 28.5%. The seroprevalence of Mycoplasma mycoidesmycoides small colony antibodies at the district level was 40.3%, 19.0% and 5.7% in Gobbu Sayyo, BakoTibbe and Horro districts, respectively. There was a statistically significant variation (p < 0.05) in the prevalence of antibodies amongst the districts. However, animal-related risk factors, such as age, sex, breed and body condition, were not significantly associated (p > 0.05) with the serological status of the animal. This study showed that the overall prevalence of CBPP in Western Oromia Zones was high. This warrants the implementation of appropriate preventive and control measures to minimise the economic losses associated with the disease.

Sero-epidemiological investigation and risk factors for contagious bovine pleuro pneumonia infection of cattle in Dello Mena and Sawena Districts of Bale Zone, South Eastern Ethiopia

“…This finding is consistent with the study of Atnafie et al (2015) who reported a significant association of body condition score with the CBPP seropositivity in abattoirs at Bishoftu and export oriented feedlots around Adama in which a high seroprevalence was recorded in animals with poor body condition (18%) than in medium (12.5%) and good body condition score (6.4%), which was significantly associated with the occurrence of the disease (p<0.05). Nevertheless, our finding do not agree with the work of Daniel et al (2016) who reported no significant association of body condition score with CBPP sero-positivity.…”

“…The difference was also positively associated with CBPP sero-positivity (p<0.05). This finding coincided with that of Daniel et al (2016) who reported a higher sero-positivity of CBPP in cross (37.2%) than in local breeds (27.4%) but their finding revealed a negative association of breed with sero-positivity of the disease(p>0.05).…”

“…Though our result revealed that as sex of the animal was positively associated with the sero-positivity of CBPP, the sero-epidemiology of CBPP reported in male and female cattle of the two pastoral districts was lower than that of Daniel et al (2016) who reported the prevalence of 30.9% in male and 27.04% in female animals in Western Oromia with no significant difference (p > 0.05) in the occurrence of CBPP. This could be attributed to lowered immunity following continuous reproductive stress as buttressed by the age frequency of the disease in adult cows (Olabode et al, 2013).…”

“…Of 10 kebeles selected from the two districts, the highest sero-epidemiology of CBPP was observed in Hi-Oda Kebele (15.91%) while no CBPP sero-positivity was found in four kebeles of the two pastoral districts. In contrast to this finding Daniel et al (2016) reported the highest sero-positivity of CBPP in Gobbu Sayyo (40.3%) than in Bakko Tibbe (19%) and Horro (5.7%) districts of Western Oromia while Gashaw (1998) reported the highest seroprevalence of CBPP in Banja (66. 3%) than in Dangila (41.7%) and Denbecha (33.3%) districts of Western Gojam and Awi Zone.…”

“…However, the overall sero-prevalence was lower than the work of Daniel et al (2016) in Western Oromia (28.5%), Gedlu (2004) in Somali Regional State (39%) and Dejene (1996) in North Omo (56%) of Ethiopia. The variation in prevalence reported from different parts of Ethiopia and other countries could be because of differences in agro ecological systems, cattle management and production systems, population density, sample size and the types of tests used to determine the sero-prevalence (Daniel et al, 2016).…”