Contagious agalactia of small ruminants: current knowledge concerning epidemiology, diagnosis and control.

Bergonier, Dominique; BERTHELOT, X.; Poumarat, François

doi:10.20506/rst.16.3.1062

Cited by 205 publications

(242 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…A doença é endêmica em países do Mediterrâneo e causa perdas econômicas acentuadas devido à redução na produção de leite, aumento da mortalidade em animais jovens e redução da vida produtiva dos animais infectados (Madanat et al 2001, Gil et al 2003. Várias estratégias de prevenção têm sido empregadas para minimizar os impactos da doença, incluindo antibioticoterapia, abate ou sacrifício dos animais acometidos (Bergonier et al 1997). O uso de bioterápico produzido a partir de M. agalactiae em caprinos clinicamente enfermos resultou no desaparecimento dos sinais clínicos, alem de ter sido de baixo custo para o produtor, com a vantagem de não produzir resíduos de drogas no leite (Marinho 2008).…”

Section: Introductionunclassified

Resposta imunológica em caprinos vacinados contra agalaxia contagiosa

et al. 2013

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This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of two inactivated vaccines against contagious agalactia containing adjuvant oily and watery. For this, 73 goats were divided in two experiments. In the experiment I was verified the vaccine safety and 15 goats were divided into three experimental groups of five animals each. A1 and B1 groups were immunized with vaccine containing either aluminum or oil, respectively, and group C was the control group without immunization. In the experiment II, the immune response against the vaccines was evaluated by immunization of 58 goats that were divided in to two groups: group A2, 28 animals were immunized with the aluminum based vaccine; and group B2, 30 animals were immunized with the oil based vaccine. In the experiment II, the animals received a third dose on 180 day after the second dose. Antibody levels were determined by indirect ELISA from ssamples collected on vaccination days and on 30 day after the second dose (Experiment I) and on 30 day after the third dose (Experiment II). The animals from B1 and B2 groups (oil based vaccine) demonstrated higher antibody levels (P<0.05) than A1 and A2 (aluminum based vaccine) in both experiments.

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Section: Introductionunclassified

Resposta imunológica em caprinos vacinados contra agalaxia contagiosa

et al. 2013

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“…mycoides large colony type, Mycoplasma capricolum subsp. capricolum or Mycoplasma putrefaciens in goats [3,7]. In some French regions where contagious agalactia of ewes due to M. agalactiae is enzootic, the prevention of the disease is based on a strict control of infected flocks.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Inoculation of lactating ewes by the intramammary route with Mycoplasma agalactiae: comparative pathogenicity of six field strains

et al. 2000

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-Contagious agalactia affects goats and sheep. In most infected sheep, the causal agent, Mycoplasma agalactiae, induces mastitis and/or agalactia, keratoconjunctivitis and arthritis. However, a few strains of M. agalactiae were isolated from tank milk from flocks without any clinical signs. The present study was undertaken to compare these apparently "asymptomatic" strains to classical virulent strains in order to assess the pathogenicity of four "asymptomatic" strains. Six groups of lactating ewes were inoculated by the intramammary route with 10 8 viable mycoplasmas of each strain. The clinical signs were regularly evaluated; the excretion of bacteria in milk and the serological response were measured. Ewes were necropsied 7 weeks after inoculation and the level of infection in retromammary lymph nodes was determined. Among the 4 apparently "asymptomatic" strains, 2 were fully virulent as were the strains isolated from diseased animals, and the other 2 induced somewhat less severe clinical symptoms. The other parameters, in particular the level of excretion in milk and the level of infection of regional lymph nodes following necropsy were similar for all strains. Mean antibody response was also comparable between the apparently "asymptomatic" and virulent strains, in spite of great individual variability. This observation shows that flocks without any clinical sign from which M. agalactiae is isolated in bulk milk, must be kept under strict control since mycoplasmas may induce severe outbreaks later with changing conditions of breeding.contagious agalactia / Mycoplasma agalactiae / virulence / experimental infection / sheep disease Résumé -Inoculation de Mycoplasma agalactiae par voie intramammaire chez des brebis en lactation : virulence comparée de 6 souches de terrain. L'agalactie contagieuse affecte les chèvres et les moutons. Chez la plupart des moutons infectés, l'agent causal, Mycoplasma agalactiae, induit des mammites et/ou de l'agalactie, des kératoconjonctivites et des arthrites. Cependant, quelques Vet. Res. 31 (2000) 329-337 329

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“…Mycoplasma agalactiae is the major pathogen causing contagious agalactia (CA), a severe syndrome of small ruminants characterized by mastitis, arthritis and keratoconjunctivitis (Bergonier et al, 1997). The disease is a real priority in Mediterranean livestock and it is included in Abbreviations: CA, contagious agalactia; MA, Mycoplasma agalactiae; dpi, days post infection; PBMC, peripheral blood mononuclear cells.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Timing of activation of CD4+ memory cells as a possible marker to establish the efficacy of vaccines against contagious agalactia in sheep

Agnone¹,

Manna²,

Loria³

et al. 2013

Veterinary Immunology and Immunopathology

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a b s t r a c tMycoplasma agalactiae is a major pathogen of sheep and goats in many areas of the world and particularly in Mediterranean countries. It causes contagious agalactia, an infectious disease primarily affecting mammary glands. Many vaccines against the pathogen are currently under development. The aim of the study was to investigate the involvement of T cell-mediated immunity during vaccination and challenge experiments against Mycoplasma agalactiae. A comparison of the antigen-specific expansion of interferon gamma positive T cell memory and naïve subsets was performed between vaccinated and non-vaccinated sheep to identify cellular subsets whose activation was different between protected and non-protected sheep. Data reported in this manuscript demonstrated that two out of the three vaccines used in this study protected sheep from the disease. In the protected groups CD4 + memory interferon-␥ + T cells underwent an early expansion (p < 0.05 when compared to unprotected groups), whilst memory CD8 + Interferon-␥ + T cells increased in non-protected animals 7 days after infection (p < 0.05). ␥␦ + Interferon-␥ + T cells reached peaks of expansion in infected and in two vaccinated groups thus indicating that these cells are not preferentially involved in protection or pathogenesis (p < 0.05).Hereby we propose that the early activation of CD4 + memory Interferon-␥ + T cells could be considered as a marker of protection from the disease as well as a tool to establish vaccine efficacy.

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Contagious agalactia of small ruminants: current knowledge concerning epidemiology, diagnosis and control.

Cited by 205 publications

References 25 publications

Resposta imunológica em caprinos vacinados contra agalaxia contagiosa

Resposta imunológica em caprinos vacinados contra agalaxia contagiosa

Inoculation of lactating ewes by the intramammary route with Mycoplasma agalactiae: comparative pathogenicity of six field strains

Timing of activation of CD4+ memory cells as a possible marker to establish the efficacy of vaccines against contagious agalactia in sheep

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