“…Certainly, it is undeniable that in a number of western jurisdictions anti-migrant sentiments are often packaged in the language of national security, public order and fighting crime (Hogg, 2021). In Poland, for example, despite the very low prevalence of Islamic terrorism, security threats have been invoked by the radical right government as a justification for initiating far-reaching political changes, such as sweeping new surveillance powers against foreign nationals (Hamilton, 2019). Huq (2018: 481) goes so far as to say that the spectre of terrorism and pursuit of security, including through restrictive measures on migration, have provided 'the fuel for populism's ascent' in the post 9/11 era (see also, Alston, 2017).…”