Contact tracing apps: an ethical roadmap

Lanzing, Marjolein

doi:10.1007/s10676-020-09548-w

Cited by 16 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 8 publications

(7 reference statements)

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“…However, anonymity is not equivalent to privacy. Indeed, privacy is individuals' right to decide what information to be shared and whom they are shared with [ 104 ]. A less privacy-invasive approach is taken in other countries with the launch of voluntary apps that adopt a proximity-based rather than a location-based architecture [ 9 , 105 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A less privacy-invasive approach is taken in other countries with the launch of voluntary apps that adopt a proximity-based rather than a location-based architecture [ 9 , 105 ]. However, such apps are not free from privacy infringements because infected users can be re-identified based on group data [ 104 , 106 ]. Furthermore, according to Williams et al [ 105 ], privacy concerns, lack of information and misconception about COVID-19 contact-tracing apps are among the main reasons explaining why people hesitate to install.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Health vs. privacy? The risk-risk tradeoff in using COVID-19 contact-tracing apps

Tran

Nguyen

2021

Technology in Society

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In the midst of the COVID-19 pandemic, contact-tracing apps have emerged as reliable tools for public health communication and the promotion of preventative health. However, to function properly, contact-tracing apps require users to provide sensitive information, which has raised concerns about data disclosure, misuse and social surveillance. Little is known about how different types of risk perception simultaneously hinder and motivate individuals' engagement in mobile health apps, particularly in the context of a pandemic. Based on the privacy calculus theory and the risk-risk tradeoff concept, this study examined the risk-risk tradeoff model to enhance the understanding of COVID-19 contact-tracing app users’ decision from the perspective of risk minimization. Findings from PLS-SEM and fsQCA revealed that users engage in health risk-privacy risk tradeoff when evaluating and deciding to use the apps. The focal study therefore contributes to the research on privacy calculus theory and calls for a balanced managerial solution to mitigate this tradeoff dilemma.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Health vs. privacy? The risk-risk tradeoff in using COVID-19 contact-tracing apps

Tran

Nguyen

2021

Technology in Society

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“…Step 3 shows the matching and notification steps in case U i is tested positive for SARS-CoV-2: U i uploads the TempIDs of the users that U i has encountered along with corresponding timestamps (e.g., during the last 14 days) to the SP. SP then identifies the users who have encountered U i by comparing the received temporary 9 https://www.mygov.in/aarogya-setu-app/ identifiers to ones derived on the server side. If there is a match, SP notifies the identified users.…”

Section: Systematization Of Contact Tracing Schemesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…4) Ethics: GAEN based apps have received criticism about ethical aspects such as lack of transparency and coercion [9], [8]. These works indicate that the requirements R-Et1 and R-Et2 are not achieved.…”

Section: B Gaenmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The controversial debate on tracing apps goes significantly beyond purely technical concepts and includes also questions related to effectiveness, socio-political impact, surveillance capitalism, and technological sovereignty (see, e.g., [8], [9]). In this paper, we contribute to this debate by providing a systematization of the development, deployment, effectiveness, security, and privacy of contact tracing apps aiming to cover these relevant aspects.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Digital Contact Tracing Solutions: Promises, Pitfalls and Challenges

Nguyen¹,

Miettinen²,

Dmitrienko³

et al. 2022

Preprint

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The COVID-19 pandemic has caused many countries to deploy novel digital contact tracing (DCT) systems to boost the efficiency of manual tracing of infection chains. In this paper, we systematically analyze DCT solutions and categorize them based on their design approaches and architectures. We analyze them with regard to effectiveness, security, privacy and ethical aspects and compare prominent solutions with regard to these requirements. In particular, we discuss shortcomings of the Google and Apple Exposure Notification API (GAEN) that is currently widely adopted all over the world. We find that the security and privacy of GAEN has considerable deficiencies as it can be compromised by severe large-scale attacks.We also discuss other proposed approaches for contact tracing, including our proposal TRACECORONA, that are based on Diffie-Hellman (DH) key exchange and aim at tackling shortcomings of existing solutions. Our extensive analysis shows that TRACECORONA fulfills the above security requirements better than deployed state-of-the-art approaches. We have implemented TRACECORONA and its beta test version has been used by more than 2000 users without any major functional problems 1 , demonstrating that there are no technical reasons requiring to make compromises with regard to the requirements of DCT approaches.

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Values for a Post-Pandemic Future

Dennis

Ishmaev

Umbrello

et al. 2022

Philosophy of Engineering and Technology

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The costs of the COVID-19 pandemic are yet to be calculated, but they include the loss of millions of lives and the destruction of countless livelihoods. What is certain is that the SARS-CoV-2 virus has changed the way we live for the foreseeable future. It has forced many to live in ways they would have previously thought impossible. As well as challenging scientists and medical professionals to address urgent value conflicts in the short term, COVID-19 has raised slower-burning value questions for corporations, public institutions, governments, and policymakers. In simple terms, the pandemic has brought what we care about into sharp relief, both collectively and individually. Whether this revaluation of our values will last beyond the current pandemic is unknown. Once COVID-19 has been tamed, will the desire to return to our previous lives be irresistible? Or will living under pandemic conditions have taught us something that will be incorporated into how we design our future lives and technologies? These are hard questions for the ethics of technology, which this volume aims to explore and address.

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Contact tracing apps: an ethical roadmap

Cited by 16 publications

References 8 publications

Health vs. privacy? The risk-risk tradeoff in using COVID-19 contact-tracing apps

Health vs. privacy? The risk-risk tradeoff in using COVID-19 contact-tracing apps

Digital Contact Tracing Solutions: Promises, Pitfalls and Challenges

Values for a Post-Pandemic Future

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