Apartheid laws and policies served to create a hierarchy of four apparently distinct races in South Africa, which were systematically segregated from each other and provided with unequal access to material resources. The apartheid state was dissolved in 1994, and a new, democratic government installed, under relatively peaceful conditions. This special issue of the journal will examine the effects of this major social and political transformation on intergroup relations in South Africa. The present article outlines the history and nature of the transformation, and contextualizes aspects of race relations that will be explored in articles in this special issue.Two decades ago, South Africa was a pariah state. The policy of apartheid was vilified across the world for its entrenchment of racial inequality (in favor of the minority White population), and systematic abuses of human rights. Yet, barely 15 years ago, the pariah state gave way to democracy, resulting in a majority, predominantly Black government coming to power in what has been hailed a "bloodless revolution." The democratically elected government has faced the monumental task of transforming South African society. A start has been made in providing basic resources such as housing, running water, electricity, education, and health care to sectors of the population denied this in the past. Policies have been instituted to allow previously disadvantaged groups access to sociocultural resources and to fast-track their entry into the formal economy of the country (cf.