Contact Mechanics

Jackson, Robert L.; Ghaednia, Hamed; Lee, Hyeon; Rostami, Amir; Wang, Xianzhang

doi:10.1007/978-1-4614-1945-7_3

Cited by 19 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 76 publications

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“…The hyperelasticity could be due to the substrate effect of the subchondral bone below articular cartilage. This is because the stress distribution and carried load in the cartilage layer vary with the variation of substrate (subchondral bone in this case) stiffness [22][23][24][25][26]. Other reports may not have observed this hyperelastic behavior because they considered much smaller strains than those in this work [10,27].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 87%

“…It was assumed in the study that the curvature of the articular cartilage surface in indentation would minimally influence the characterization of the material properties according to an examination using Hertz contact [23,24]. However, the validity of this assumption that the cartilage is effectively flat was examined here.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The fetlock and carpus are from the forelimb, while the stifle is from the hindlimb, and therefore, the stifle carries and bears a lower load than both the fetlock and carpus. These differences could also be analyzed by that the joints with higher loads rely more on boundary and elastohydrodynamic lubrication, while surfaces under less sliding motion could depend more on a full layer of fluid separating the surfaces via the squeeze film effect [23,24,34,35]. It was hypothesized that the fresh and frozen samples would show different mechanical behaviors because the cellular components ratio and structure of biological tissues generally change during freezing and thawing [15,18,36,37].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Comparison Between the Hyperelastic Behavior of Fresh and Frozen Equine Articular Cartilage in Various Joints

Lee

Campbell

Theis

et al. 2019

Journal of Biomechanical Engineering

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Fresh and frozen cartilage samples of the fetlock, carpus, and stifle were collected from 12 deceased horses. Half were measured immediately following extraction, and half were frozen for seven days and then measured. Seven indentations (various normalized displacements) were implemented with an indention rate of 0.1 mm/s. Solid phase aggregate modulus (Es), hyperelastic material constant (α), and fluid load fraction (F′) of equine articular cartilage were assessed using the Ogden hyperelastic model. The properties were statistically compared in various joints (fetlock, carpus, and stifle), and between fresh and frozen samples using various statistical models. There was no statistical difference between the fetlock and carpus in the aggregate modulus (p = 0.5084), while both were significantly different from the stifle (fetlock: p = 0.0017 and carpus: p = 0.0406). For the hyperelastic material constant, no statistical differences between joints were observed (p = 0.3310). For the fluid load fraction, the fetlock and stifle comparison showed a difference (p = 0.0333), while the carpus was not different from the fetlock (p = 0.1563) or stifle (p = 0.3862). Comparison between the fresh and frozen articular cartilage demonstrated no significant difference among the joints in the three material properties: p = 0.9418, p = 0.7031, and p = 0.9313 for the aggregate modulus, the hyperelastic material constant, and the fluid load fraction, respectively.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 87%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Comparison Between the Hyperelastic Behavior of Fresh and Frozen Equine Articular Cartilage in Various Joints

Lee

Campbell

Theis

et al. 2019

Journal of Biomechanical Engineering

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“…However, not many experimental approaches for the determination of the contact law can be found in the literature. In addition, previous authors such as Ghaednia et al [26] reported some difficulties in accurately measuring indentation. In some cases, bending was avoided even when it was known that it had a relevant influence in the contact law determination [27].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Indentation Measurement in Thin Plates under Bending Using 3D Digital Image Correlation

et al. 2021

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In the current paper, a novel experimental methodology to characterize the contact behavior on thin plates under bending is presented. The method is based on the experimental measurement of the indentation observed during contact experiments. Tests were conducted using aluminum thin plates and a steel sphere to evaluate the effect of thickness and bending during contact. For this purpose, a non-contact optical technique, 3D Digital Image Correlation (3D-DIC), has been employed to measure the out-of-plane displacements experienced at the rear face of the specimens (opposite where the contact is occurring). An indirect measurement of the experimental contact law is obtained for different plate thicknesses (2 mm, 3 mm, 4 mm, 5 mm and 6 mm) as the contact load increases. An energy balance performed during contact experiments made it possible to evaluate and quantify the applied energy to generate bending and contact deformation. When the specimen thickness increases from 2 mm to 6 mm, contact deformation reaches higher values from the total applied energy. In addition, it is also possible to evaluate the portion of the elastically recovered energy for contact and bending deformation during the unloading. It has been observed that thicker specimens show a lower elastic energy recovery due to bending and a higher elastic energy recovery due to contact. Results clearly show how the ratio between absorbed and applied energy changes as the specimen thickness increases, highlighting the relevance of the proposed method for the characterization of contact behavior in thin plates.

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“…He realized that the curvature and the torsion of the reference manifold are measures of incompatibility and the density of dislocations, respectively. Defects due to plastic deformations naturally occur in most of the known problems in mechanics and tribology, e.g., contact mechanics [23,4,24,5,25], mechanical impact [15,26], and dislocation-boundary interactions [60,22]. Other examples of anelastic sources include swelling and cavitation [44,20,40], bulk and surface growth [2,65,50], thermal strains [53,42,48], and the presence of inclusions and inhomogeneities [69,19,18,17].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Line and point defects in nonlinear anisotropic solids

Golgoon

Yavari

2018

Z. Angew. Math. Phys.

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In this paper, we present some analytical solutions for the stress fields of nonlinear anisotropic solids with distributed line and point defects. In particular, we determine the stress fields of i) a parallel cylindricallysymmetric distribution of screw dislocations in infinite orthotropic and monoclinic media, ii) a cylindricallysymmetric distribution of parallel wedge disclinations in an infinite orthotropic medium, iii) a distribution of edge dislocations in an orthotropic medium, and iv) a spherically-symmetric distribution of point defects in a transversely isotropic spherical ball.

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Contact Mechanics

Cited by 19 publications

References 76 publications

Comparison Between the Hyperelastic Behavior of Fresh and Frozen Equine Articular Cartilage in Various Joints

Comparison Between the Hyperelastic Behavior of Fresh and Frozen Equine Articular Cartilage in Various Joints

Indentation Measurement in Thin Plates under Bending Using 3D Digital Image Correlation

Line and point defects in nonlinear anisotropic solids

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