Contact lens-related corneal infection: Intrinsic resistance and its compromise

Fleiszig, Suzanne M. J.; Kroken, Abby R.; Nieto, Vincent; Grosser, Melinda R.; Wan, Stephanie; Metruccio, Matteo M. E.; Evans, David J.

doi:10.1016/j.preteyeres.2019.100804

Cited by 85 publications

(67 citation statements)

References 400 publications

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“…The surfaces of contact lenses (CLs) and intraocular lenses (IOLs) are quite prone to the formation of bacterial biofilms, which may cause severe infections in the ocular structures [ 1 , 2 ]. Although CL materials have undergone a profound evolution over the last few years, the incidence of microbial-related ocular diseases has not decreased [ 3 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Resveratrol-Loaded Hydrogel Contact Lenses with Antioxidant and Antibiofilm Performance

et al. 2021

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Contact lenses (CLs) are prone to biofilm formation, which may cause severe ocular infections. Since the use of antibiotics is associated with resistance concerns, here, two alternative strategies were evaluated to endow CLs with antibiofilm features: copolymerization with the antifouling monomer 2-methacryloyloxyethyl phosphorylcholine (MPC) and loading of the antioxidant resveratrol with known antibacterial activity. MPC has, so far, been used to increase water retention on the CL surface (Proclear® 1 day CLs). Both poly(hydroxyethyl methacrylate) (HEMA) and silicone hydrogels were prepared with MPC covering a wide range of concentrations (from 0 to 101 mM). All hydrogels showed physical properties adequate for CLs and successfully passed the hen's egg-chorioallantoic membrane (HET-CAM) test. Silicone hydrogels had stronger affinity for resveratrol, with higher loading and a slower release rate. Ex vivo cornea and sclera permeability tests revealed that resveratrol released from the hydrogels readily accumulated in both tissues but did not cross through. The antibiofilm tests against Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus evidenced that, in general, resveratrol decreased biofilm formation, which correlated with its concentration-dependent antibacterial capability. Preferential adsorption of lysozyme, compared to albumin, might also contribute to the antimicrobial activity. In addition, importantly, the loading of resveratrol in the hydrogels preserved the antioxidant activity, even against photodegradation. Overall, the designed hydrogels can host therapeutically relevant amounts of resveratrol to be sustainedly released on the eye, providing antibiofilm and antioxidant performance.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Resveratrol-Loaded Hydrogel Contact Lenses with Antioxidant and Antibiofilm Performance

et al. 2021

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“…The healthy cornea is highly resistant to infection and so microbial keratitis rarely occurs in the absence of predisposing risk factors [ 9 ]. Reported risk factors include corneal trauma, contact lens-wear, chronic ocular surface disease, ocular surgery and systemic diseases associated with an immunocompromised state [ 10 , 11 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Reported risk factors include corneal trauma, contact lens-wear, chronic ocular surface disease, ocular surgery and systemic diseases associated with an immunocompromised state [ 10 , 11 ]. These factors compromise the resistance mechanisms employed by the cornea, rendering it newly susceptible to infection [ 9 ]. Although microbial keratitis occurs in both developed and developing countries, there are large differences in the disease epidemiology and aetiology [ 12 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Corneal Infection Models: Tools to Investigate the Role of Biofilms in Bacterial Keratitis

Urwin

Okurowska

Crowther

et al. 2020

Cells

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Bacterial keratitis is a corneal infection which may cause visual impairment or even loss of the infected eye. It remains a major cause of blindness in the developing world. Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa are common causative agents and these bacterial species are known to colonise the corneal surface as biofilm populations. Biofilms are complex bacterial communities encased in an extracellular polymeric matrix and are notoriously difficult to eradicate once established. Biofilm bacteria exhibit different phenotypic characteristics from their planktonic counterparts, including an increased resistance to antibiotics and the host immune response. Therefore, understanding the role of biofilms will be essential in the development of new ophthalmic antimicrobials. A brief overview of biofilm-specific resistance mechanisms is provided, but this is a highly multifactorial and rapidly expanding field that warrants further research. Progression in this field is dependent on the development of suitable biofilm models that acknowledge the complexity of the ocular environment. Abiotic models of biofilm formation (where biofilms are studied on non-living surfaces) currently dominate the literature, but co-culture infection models are beginning to emerge. In vitro, ex vivo and in vivo corneal infection models have now been reported which use a variety of different experimental techniques and animal models. In this review, we will discuss existing corneal infection models and their application in the study of biofilms and host-pathogen interactions at the corneal surface.

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“…6 Among the various CL-related microbial corneal infections, Pseudomonas aeruginosa is the leading cause; such infections develop very rapidly and may lead to corneal perforation or even vision loss. 1,[7][8][9] Catecholamines are a group of neurotransmitters that include epinephrine, norepinephrine (NE), and dopamine, which are released during stress response. In the eye, NE can be detected in the tears, aqueous humor, and cornea, although the origin remains incompletely known.…”

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confidence: 99%

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confidence: 99%

Extended Contact Lens Wear Promotes Corneal Norepinephrine Secretion and Pseudomonas aeruginosa Infection in Mice

Zhao

et al. 2020

Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci.

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PURPOSE. Extended contact lens (CL) wear predisposes the wearer to Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection of the cornea, but the mechanism involved remains incompletely understood. The purpose of this study was to investigate the role of the stress hormone norepinephrine (NE) in the pathogenesis of CL-induced P. aeruginosa keratitis. METHODS. A total 195 adult C57BL/6 mice were used in this study. Corneal NE content was measured after 48 hours of sterile CL wear in mice. The effect of NE on P. aeruginosa adhesion and biofilm formation on the CL surface was examined in vitro. Moreover, mouse eyes were covered with P. aeruginosa-contaminated CLs, and either 500-μM NE was topically applied or the eyes were subconjunctivally injected with 100 μg of N-(2-chloroethyl)-N-ethyl-2-bromobenzylamine (DSP-4) to deplete local NE. Clinical scores, neutrophil infiltration, proinflammatory cytokine levels, and bacterial load on the corneas and CLs were evaluated. RESULTS. Corneal NE content was elevated with extended CL wear in mice. In vitro, NE promoted the adhesion and biofilm formation of P. aeruginosa on the CL surface. In mice, topical application of NE aggravated P. aeruginosa infection, accompanied with increased clinical scores, neutrophil infiltration, proinflammatory cytokine expression, and bacterial burden on the corneas and CLs. However, pre-depletion of local NE with DSP-4 significantly alleviated the severity of P. aeruginosa keratitis. CONCLUSIONS. Extended CL wear elevates corneal NE content, which promotes the pathogenesis of CL-induced P. aeruginosa keratitis in mice. Targeting NE may provide a potential strategy for the treatment of CL-related corneal infection caused by P. aeruginosa.

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Contact lens-related corneal infection: Intrinsic resistance and its compromise

Cited by 85 publications

References 400 publications

Resveratrol-Loaded Hydrogel Contact Lenses with Antioxidant and Antibiofilm Performance

Resveratrol-Loaded Hydrogel Contact Lenses with Antioxidant and Antibiofilm Performance

Corneal Infection Models: Tools to Investigate the Role of Biofilms in Bacterial Keratitis

Extended Contact Lens Wear Promotes Corneal Norepinephrine Secretion and Pseudomonas aeruginosa Infection in Mice

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