Contact-Lens-Associated Purpureocillium Keratitis: Risk Factors, Microbiologic Characteristics, Clinical Course, and Outcomes

Ali, Tayyeba K.; Amescua, Guillermo; Miller, Darlene; Suh, Leejee H.; Delmonte, Derek W.; Gibbons, Allister; Alfonso, Eduardo C.; Forster, Richard K.

doi:10.3109/08820538.2015.1011342

Cited by 12 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…29 P. lilacinum is also one of the important species of fungal keratitis that is known to be resistant to polyenes and sensitive only to VRCZ in most of the strains. 13,30 The findings of all previous studies suggest that there is a strong need to create a new antifungal drug for potential use as a first-line topical drug.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Efficacy of Luliconazole Against Broad-Range Filamentous Fungi Including Fusarium solani Species Complex Causing Fungal Keratitis

Todokoro

Suzuki

Tamura

et al. 2018

Cornea

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Purpose:Fungal keratitis can be difficult to medically treat. Topical antifungals are usually applied empirically as the initial option in treating fungal keratitis. Natamycin (NAT) and/or voriconazole (VRCZ) have been widely used in the treatment of fungal keratitis. However, Fusarium solani species complex (FSSC), which are the dominant species of fungal keratitis, are resistant to VRCZ. This study investigated in vitro efficacy of luliconazole (LLCZ), a new imidazole antifungal, against FSSC and other filamentous fungi.Methods:A total of 18 Fusarium isolates and 7 others were grown on potato dextrose agar at 30 and 37°C. For Fusarium, species identification and phylogenetic tree analysis were performed based on elongation factor-1α (EF-1α) DNA sequencing. The broth microdilution method was used for antifungal susceptibility testing of 11 antifungal drugs including LLCZ.Results:The 18 identified Fusarium isolates belonged to FSSC (n = 13), Fusarium oxysporum species complex (FOSC; n = 2), Fusarium chlamydosporum species complex (FCSC; n = 1), Fusarium incarnatum-equiseti species complex (FIESC; n = 1), and Fusarium fujikuroi species complex (FFSC; n = 1). We further divided 13 FSSC isolates into 3 clades, FSSC5 (n = 8), FSSC3 + 4 (n = 4), and FSSC9-a (n = 1), with 8 FSSC strains growing at 37°C. LLCZ showed lowest minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) against all tested filamentous fungi, with a MIC90 against the Fusarium species of 0.06 μg/mL, whereas MIC90 for NAT and VRCZ were 4 and 8 μg/mL, respectively.Conclusions:LLCZ has the strongest in vitro antifungal activity among all drugs used against broad-range filamentous fungi including FSSC. LLCZ may potentially be a new medical treatment option for fungal keratitis.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Efficacy of Luliconazole Against Broad-Range Filamentous Fungi Including Fusarium solani Species Complex Causing Fungal Keratitis

Todokoro

Suzuki

Tamura

et al. 2018

Cornea

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“…28,29 All three cases in our cohort were in the Cairns and Hinterland HHS in far north Queensland. 31 One retrospective case series also appears to suggest that Purpureocillium keratitis is more prevalent in sub-tropical Queensland. 30 A discussion of the ecological niche of Purpureocillium is beyond the scope of this article, but climate may be but one factor influencing the incidence of Purpureocillium keratitis; a study of contact lens-associated Purpureocillium keratitis in south Florida, which has a similar Köppen climate classification to far north Queensland, found 28 cases between 2007 and 2014.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…30 A discussion of the ecological niche of Purpureocillium is beyond the scope of this article, but climate may be but one factor influencing the incidence of Purpureocillium keratitis; a study of contact lens-associated Purpureocillium keratitis in south Florida, which has a similar Köppen climate classification to far north Queensland, found 28 cases between 2007 and 2014. 31 One retrospective case series also appears to suggest that Purpureocillium keratitis is more prevalent in sub-tropical Queensland. 32 Lastly, there was a clear seasonal variation in the incidence of fungal keratitis in tropical Queensland.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Epidemiology of fungal keratitis in Queensland, Australia

Chew

Woods

2018

Clinical Exper Ophthalmology

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In Queensland, fungal keratitis occurs most frequently in males under 50 with increased case identification associated with the hot dry season in tropical Queensland. The sex and age distribution may reflect increased environmental exposure to fungi related to occupation. The higher cumulative incidence in tropical Queensland is in keeping with the rates observed in other tropical regions of the world. Knowledge of the epidemiology of the condition is essential in formulating empirical antifungal regimens in suspected fungal keratitis.

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“…Most clinical manifestations are associated with ocular and cutaneous/subcutaneous infections as described by Borba and Brito [9,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74]. More recently, an onychomycosis [75] and a rare case of nasal perforation [76] were published.…”

Section: Pathogenic Paecilomyces Sppmentioning

confidence: 99%

Human Pathogenic Paecilomyces from Food

2018

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Paecilomyces spp. and Byssochlamys spp. are heat-resistant fungi important to industry because they can cause food and beverage spoilage, incurring economic loss. The consequences of food or beverage fungal colonization is the loss of nutritional value, structure and taste, and the possibility of producing toxic secondary metabolites that may result in medical problems. Furthermore, these fungi can infect animals and humans and it is unknown if contaminated foods may be fomites. P. variotii is the principal agent of food spoilage or contamination and it is most frequently associated with human hyalohyphomycosis with clinical manifestations including peritonitis, cutaneous and disseminated infections, among others. Byssochlamys spp. had not been identified as a cause of systemic infection until the case of a dog with a fungal infection, after immunosuppressive therapy. P. variotii has clinical importance because it causes severe infection in immunosuppressed patients and also because the number of immunocompetent infected patients is increasing. This review draws attention to the ability of these species to grow at high temperatures, to colonize food products, and to cause human disease.

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Contact-Lens-Associated Purpureocillium Keratitis: Risk Factors, Microbiologic Characteristics, Clinical Course, and Outcomes

Cited by 12 publications

References 27 publications

Efficacy of Luliconazole Against Broad-Range Filamentous Fungi Including Fusarium solani Species Complex Causing Fungal Keratitis

Efficacy of Luliconazole Against Broad-Range Filamentous Fungi Including Fusarium solani Species Complex Causing Fungal Keratitis

Epidemiology of fungal keratitis in Queensland, Australia

Human Pathogenic Paecilomyces from Food

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