Contact-free Interaction with Mobile Devices using Magnetic, Lighting and Infrared Sources

Abstract

Abstract-In the area of Human-Computer Interaction (HCI), the concept of Around Device Interaction (ADI) is gaining special attention nowadays. It provides the possibility of interacting with the device by making use of gestures made in the surrounding space, as well as by detecting certain ambient changes, thus eliminating the need of direct physical contact. Contact-free interaction can be useful for wearable and smart devices, especially in cases where operating with small buttons and touchscreens appears to be particularly inconvenient. This paper presents alternative techniques for smartphone interaction based on different sensory inputs. Namely, external sources of magnetic field, light, and infrared (IR) signals are used to manipulate device sensors' readings which are in turn interpreted as the corresponding interaction commands. Proof-ofconcept mobile applications are developed and here presented, demonstrating both the potentials and utility of the contact-free interaction. Specifically, small neodymium magnet was used for smartphone text entry, typical battery flashlight served for sending information to device via Morse code, as well as for alarm triggering, and voice-enabled control device was utilized for invoking smartphone calls from a distance. The presented interaction techniques do not require smartphone hardware alterations. While the usage of built-in magnetic field and ambient light sensors is assumed, peripheral infrared receiver can be used in order to provide IR-based support.

Applying the MCMSI for Online Educational Systems Using the Two-Factor Authentication

“…Two-factor authentication can be provided by using NFC technology on the hardware side. Figure 2 shows the two-step verification using NFC [16].…”

“…A general example of its usage can be seen when the password is entered on the input screen of any system by the user. After that, an alphanumeric code coming to the mobile phone enters the corresponding screen to perform the two-factor authentication [16].…”

“…This is a method of security verification which can be made by adding the technology evolutions together with the parameters that measure the person's behaviour on the physiological biometrics. Features used by behavioural biometrics remain personal behavior, Location tracks, Brain waves and Thoughts [16].…”