Contact dermatitis due to incense

Basto, Artur Sousa; Azenha, A

doi:10.1111/j.1600-0536.1991.tb01738.x

Cited by 15 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 2 publications

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“…To our knowledge, this is the first study in the literature about the adverse reactions induced by dukhan smoke. However, adverse reactions induced by incense smoke have been reported in the form of respiratory disease, lung cancer, and dermatitis . It is known that, as incense burns, it emits smoke containing particulate matter, gas products, and other organic compounds such as benzene, toluene, and xylenes, as well as aldehydes and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons that may result in contact dermatitis .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Several studies have reported contact dermatitis caused by incense smoke. They suggested that the perfume, airborne particles from the burning incense, and incense powders on contaminated hands cause the allergic and airborne contact dermatitis …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, adverse reactions induced by incense smoke have been reported in the form of respiratory disease, lung cancer, and dermatitis. [17][18][19][20][21][22] It is known that, as incense burns, it emits smoke containing particulate matter, gas products, and other organic compounds such as benzene, toluene, and xylenes, as well as aldehydes and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons that may result in contact dermatitis. 21 Several studies have reported contact dermatitis caused by incense smoke.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Acacia seyal and Terminalia brownii associated airborne contact dermatitis (Dukhan dermatitis)

2018

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Taking scented smoke baths (Dukhan) is a universal custom among African women who indulge in it for pleasure, cleanliness, health, and for restoration after childbirth. The woods used in this procedure are usually Acacia seyal and Terminalia brownii. This report is a case series of 11 women with brown-erythematous excoriated papules, plaques, and lichenification confined to the sites of scented smoke baths. They were diagnosed with airborne contact dermatitis on the basis of patient history, existence of dust agents, the morphology and distribution of the lesions, the results of epicutaneous tests (repeated open application test), and avoidance of further exposure leading to recovery from dermatitis.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Acacia seyal and Terminalia brownii associated airborne contact dermatitis (Dukhan dermatitis)

2018

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“…Others have reported isolated cases of irritation and/or sensitization to Peppermint Oil and/or its components (Smith 1968;Dooms-Goossens et al 1977;Andersen 1978;DeGroot 1987;Basto and Azenha 1991;Abifadel et al 1992;Wilkinson and Beck 1994;Lewis, Shah, and Gawkrodger 1995;Morton et al 1995).…”

Section: Dermal Irritation and Sensitizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Final Report on the Safety Assessment of Mentha Piperita (Peppermint) Oil, Mentha Piperita (Peppermint) Leaf Extract, Mentha Piperita (Peppermint) Leaf, and Mentha Piperita (Peppermint) Leaf Water

Andersen¹

2001

International Journal of Toxicology

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Mentha Piperita (Peppermint) Oil, Mentha Piperita (Peppermint) Leaf Extract, Mentha Piperita (Peppermint) Leaf, MenthaPiperita (Peppermint) Leaf Water are obtained from the Mentha piperita plant. The oil is currently used in cosmetic formulations as a fragrance component, but previously had been also described as a denaturant. The extract and leaves are described as biological additives, but only the extract is reported to be used. Peppermint Water is described as a avoring agent or fragrance component, but is not currently in use. Peppermint Oil is used at a concentration of ·3% in rinse-off formulations and ·0.2% in leave-on formulations. Peppermint Oil is composed primarily of menthol and menthone. Other possible constituents include pulegone, menthofuran, and limone. Most of the safety test data concern Peppermint Oil. The oil is considered to present the "worst case scenario" because of its many constituents, so data on the oil were considered relevant to the entire group of ingredients. Peppermint Oil was minimally toxic in acute oral studies. Short-term and subchronic oral studies reported cystlike lesions in the cerebellum in rats that were given doses of Peppermint Oil containing pulegone, pulegone alone, or large amounts (>200 mg/kg/day) of menthone. Pulegone is also a recognized hepatotoxin. Repeated intradermal dosing with Peppermint Oil produced moderate and severe reactions in rabbits, although Peppermint Oil did not appear to be phototoxic. Peppermint Oil was negative in the Ames test and a mouse lymphoma mutagenesis assay but gave equivocal results in a Chinese hamster broblast cell chromosome aberration assay. In a carcinogenicity study of toothpaste and its components, no apparent differences were noted between mice treated with Peppermint Oil and those treated with the toothpaste base. Isolated clinical cases of irritation and/or sensitization to Peppermint Oil and/or its constituents have been reported, but Peppermint Oil (8%) was not a sensitizer when tested using a maximization protocol. It was expected that dermal absorption of Peppermint Oil would be rapid, following that of menthol, a major component, but in no case would be greater than absorption through the gastrointestinal tract. Because of the toxicity of pulegone, the safe concentration of this constituent was limited to ·1%. This concentration was achievable both by controlling the time of harvest and processing technique. There is evidence that menthol can enhance penetration of other

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“…Incense sticks may contain nitromusks since they are burnt to produce flavors in churches and private homes for religious and domestic purposes. Airborne pigmented and depigmented contact dermatitis have been reported due to nitromusks containing incense because airborne particles may dissolve in sebum on the skin surface [6,7]. Therefore, analytical methods suitable for the detection and determination of nitromusks in commercial incenses are of interest.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Analysis of neutral nitromusks in incenses by capillary electrophoresis in organic solvents and gas chromatography‐mass spectrometry

et al. 2005

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Nitromusks used as fragrances in a variety of personal-care products, cleansers, and domestic deodorants, including incense sticks, are neutral nitro aromatic compounds; some of these have been reported as photosensitizers. In this work, their analysis was performed by capillary electrophoresis (CE) in a methanol-based background electrolyte (BGE). In particular, a 10 mM solution of citric acid in methanol was used; under these conditions the strong suppression of the electroosmotic flow favored the use of negatively charged surfactants as additives for the anodic migration of the studied analytes. To this end, sodium taurodeoxycholate (TDC) was supplemented at high concentration (190 mM) to the organic background electrolyte (BGE), showing strong indication of the ability to give micelle-like aggregates. Since nitromusks are characterized by the presence of a nitroaromatic ring with low charge density, their association with TDC aggregates can be ascribed to donor-acceptor interactions. Separation of musk xylene, musk ketone, and the banned musk moskene and musk ambrette was obtained under full nonaqueous BGE; the addition of relatively small water percentages (15% v/v) was found to be useful in improving the separation of pairs of adjacent peaks. Under optimized conditions (190 mM sodium TDC in methanol-water, 85-15 v/v containing citric acid 10 mM) the system was applied to the analysis of nitromusks in incense sticks extracted with methanol. The results were compared with those obtained by the analysis of the same samples using gas chromatography with mass detector. The expected different selectivity of separation obtained using the two techniques can be useful in the unambiguous determination of the analytes; furthermore, a substantial accord of the preliminary quantitative results achieved with the two methods was assumed as the confirmation of the potential reliability of CE performed with high percentage of organic solvent.

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Contact dermatitis due to incense

Cited by 15 publications

References 2 publications

Acacia seyal and Terminalia brownii associated airborne contact dermatitis (Dukhan dermatitis)

Acacia seyal and Terminalia brownii associated airborne contact dermatitis (Dukhan dermatitis)

Final Report on the Safety Assessment of Mentha Piperita (Peppermint) Oil, Mentha Piperita (Peppermint) Leaf Extract, Mentha Piperita (Peppermint) Leaf, and Mentha Piperita (Peppermint) Leaf Water

Analysis of neutral nitromusks in incenses by capillary electrophoresis in organic solvents and gas chromatography‐mass spectrometry

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