Contact coal transformation under the influence of dolerite dike (Kaierkan deposit, Noril’sk district)

Melenevsky, V N; Fomin, A. N.; Konyshev, A.S.; Talibova, O.G.

doi:10.1016/j.rgg.2008.01.007

Cited by 10 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…These samples are inferred to have undergone contact catagenesis adjacent to igneous intrusions (cf. Melenevsky et al 2008), resulting in thermal alteration and degradation of cellular structure in collotelinite.…”

Section: Thermal Maturation Of Sedimentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Lower Devonian coaly shales of northern New Brunswick, Canada: plant accumulations in the early stages of Terrestrial colonization

Kennedy¹,

Gibling²,

Eble³

et al. 2014

Journal of Sedimentary Research

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We describe two Early Devonian occurrences of coaly shale composed mainly of the compacted remains of early plants, such that they resemble coal. Among the earliest thick phytodebris accumulations known, the occurrences lie within Pragian strata of the Val d'Amour Formation and Emsian strata of the Campbellton Formation of northern New Brunswick, and were deposited in low-energy wetlands where they were rapidly buried. Although the coaly shales did not yield recognizable plant taxa, numerous taxa are present in adjacent beds. Petrographic analysis revealed an average of 80.7% vitrinite (predominantly telovitrinite) and 18.7% liptinite (predominantly sporinite) on a mineral-matter-free basis, with a higher vitrinite content than most Devonian coals. Low sulfur content and atomic C/N ratios that vary from 44.3 to 82.1 in organicrich samples indicate terrestrial derivation. Vitrinite reflectance in organic-rich samples (21.4-35.6 wt % total organic carbon) ranges from 0.48 to 1.00, indicating a low degree of thermal alteration that is supported by cross-polarization spectra from studies of 13 C nuclear magnetic resonance; two carbon-poor samples were thermally altered to anthracitic rank adjacent to an intrusive body. Although plants at this time were still comparatively primitive, the presence at both sites of specimens with recognizable lignified cellular structures in vitrinite and particularly thick and resistant cuticle may represent an important step in peat development. In these Early Devonian formations, diverse assemblages of small vascular plants are present in a range of environments, and the plants were sufficiently abundant to form coal-like accumulations under suitable burial conditions, serving as a proxy for plant biomass and vegetation cover in the early stages of terrestrial colonization.

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Section: Thermal Maturation Of Sedimentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Lower Devonian coaly shales of northern New Brunswick, Canada: plant accumulations in the early stages of Terrestrial colonization

Kennedy¹,

Gibling²,

Eble³

et al. 2014

Journal of Sedimentary Research

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“…Alternatively, intrusion of basalt sills into coal may have resulted in devolatilization of the coal at depth and incorporation of those volatiles into erupting basalt, leaving behind natural coke (21)(22)(23). For this scenario, a larger coal bed is needed and can be calculated based on coke production data.…”

Section: Coal-basalt Volcanismmentioning

confidence: 99%

Explosive eruption of coal and basalt and the end-Permian mass extinction

Ogden

Sleep²

2011

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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The end-Permian extinction decimated up to 95% of carbonate shell-bearing marine species and 80% of land animals. Isotopic excursions, dissolution of shallow marine carbonates, and the demise of carbonate shell-bearing organisms suggest global warming and ocean acidification. The temporal association of the extinction with the Siberia flood basalts at approximately 250 Ma is well known, and recent evidence suggests these flood basalts may have mobilized carbon in thick deposits of organic-rich sediments. Large isotopic excursions recorded in this period are potentially explained by rapid venting of coal-derived methane, which has primarily been attributed to metamorphism of coal by basaltic intrusion. However, recently discovered contemporaneous deposits of fly ash in northern Canada suggest large-scale combustion of coal as an additional mechanism for rapid release of carbon. This massive coal combustion may have resulted from explosive interaction with basalt sills of the Siberian Traps. Here we present physical analysis of explosive eruption of coal and basalt, demonstrating that it is a viable mechanism for global extinction. We describe and constrain the physics of this process including necessary magnitudes of basaltic intrusion, mixing and mobilization of coal and basalt, ascent to the surface, explosive combustion, and the atmospheric rise necessary for global distribution.R ecent studies have brought the Great Dying at the end of the Permian Period into focus. Up to 95% of shell-bearing marine species and 80% of land animals perished (1, 2). The temporal association of the extinction with the Siberia flood basalts at approximately 250 Ma is well known (1-7), but a causal mechanism connecting the flood basalts to global extinction is not evident. The flows directly killed only those biota in their path, and basalt is not a massive source of greenhouse gases such as CO 2 (8). Recent studies suggest flood basalts may have mobilized carbon in thick deposits of organic-rich sediments, resulting in global climate change and extinction (4,5,7,(9)(10)(11)(12)(13). New work also suggests magmatic release of CO 2 from mantle-derived eclogite as a potential extinction mechanism (14). Svensen et al. (15) were the first to discuss the mechanism by which basaltic interaction with organic sediments may cause mass extinction through explosive release of methane. McElwain et al. (16) expanded on this idea by linking the intrusion of KarooFerrar magmas into coal with the 183 Ma Toarcian oceanic anoxic event. In this model, basaltic intrusions metamorphosed sediments driving off hydrocarbons, including methane, which quickly oxidized to carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) and water. This sudden release of organic carbon acidified the ocean and caused a ∂ 13 C excursion in the sedimentary record.Retallack and Jahren (5) applied a similar idea linking basaltic intrusion of coal seams in Siberia to the late Permian extinction. Their study focused on this mechanism as an explanation for the large, short-term carbon isotopic excursions ...

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“…Carboniferous-Permian coals have been metamorphosed to anthracite grade in the west of the Tunguska Basin where almost 36 % of the total coals in Norilsk area were involved in metamorphism (Gurevich and Volkova, 2010). The contact metamorphism around numerous dolerite intrusions, however, play a destructive role overall in coal preservation (Gurevich and Volkova, 2010;Kontorovich et al, 1997b;Melenevsky et al, 2008).…”

Section: The Tunguska Basinmentioning

confidence: 99%

The basalt pipes of the Tunguska Basin (Siberia, Russia): High temperature processes and volatile degassing into the end-Permian atmosphere

Polozov

Svensen

Planke

et al. 2016

Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology

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Contact coal transformation under the influence of dolerite dike (Kaierkan deposit, Noril’sk district)

Cited by 10 publications

References 6 publications

Lower Devonian coaly shales of northern New Brunswick, Canada: plant accumulations in the early stages of Terrestrial colonization

Lower Devonian coaly shales of northern New Brunswick, Canada: plant accumulations in the early stages of Terrestrial colonization

Explosive eruption of coal and basalt and the end-Permian mass extinction

The basalt pipes of the Tunguska Basin (Siberia, Russia): High temperature processes and volatile degassing into the end-Permian atmosphere

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