Consumptive Water Use in the Great Lakes Basin

Shaffer, Kimberly H.

doi:10.3133/fs20083032

Cited by 8 publications

(7 citation statements)

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“…Table summarizes the key sustainability metrics for the process. The U.S. Geological Survey defined consumptive water use as “water that is evaporated, transpired, incorporated into products or crops, consumed by humans or livestock, or otherwise removed from an immediate water environment.” Biorefinery consumptive use may occur through incorporation into the product and evaporation from cooling and heating processes. Based on this definition, the consumptive water use for the current conversion platform is equal to water for ash wetting plus makeup water to the cooling tower and boiler system, less cooling tower blowdown and wastewater to an offsite treatment facility.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Technoeconomic Analysis for the Production of Mixed Alcohols via Indirect Gasification of Biomass Based on Demonstration Experiments

Dutta

Hensley

Bain

et al. 2014

Ind. Eng. Chem. Res.

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An integrated biomass-to-mixed alcohol process was demonstrated at the pilot scale, including indirect gasification, tar and hydrocarbon reforming, gas conditioning, and gas to liquids operations. Additional bench-scale experiments were conducted to gather insights into reforming and fuel synthesis operations under more extensive conditions. Data from these experiments were combined with tools and knowledge owned by industrial partnersRentech and The Dow Chemical Companyto validate a conceptual commercial-scale cellulosic ethanol refinery. Results suggest that both reforming and mixed alcohol processes are scalable and economical, with a modeled mature plant ethanol production cost of $0.54/L ($0.82/L of gasoline equivalent). Sustainability metrics for the conversion process are also presented.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Technoeconomic Analysis for the Production of Mixed Alcohols via Indirect Gasification of Biomass Based on Demonstration Experiments

Dutta

Hensley

Bain

et al. 2014

Ind. Eng. Chem. Res.

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“…Comprehensive consumptive use data for the remaining water use sectors (industry, domestic, aquaculture, livestock, and mining) are unavailable across the US; however, regional assessments have been made (Shaffer, 2008; Shaffer & Runkle, 2007). In addition, consumptive use volumes of fresh water for thermoelectric use exceed total fresh water thermoelectric withdrawals in Arizona, California, and Oregon, potentially due to this sector receiving water transfers in these states (see previous discussion on the effects of transfers).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Water Supply Processes Are Responsible for Significant Nitrogen Fluxes Across the United States

Flint

Ascott

Gooddy

et al. 2022

Global Biogeochemical Cycles

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Excessive nutrient concentrations within fresh waters are a globally persistent problem. Developing effective nutrient management strategies requires improvements to nitrogen (N) mass balances, including the identification and quantification of previously unrecognized anthropogenic N fluxes. Using publicly available data, we establish that freshwater abstractions from both surface waters and groundwaters, alongside watermains leakage from public distribution networks, are responsible for significant nitrate‐N (NO3‐N) fluxes across the contiguous United States. Nationally, freshwater abstraction temporarily retains 417 (min‐max: 190–857) kt NO3‐N yr−1, equivalent to 21% of pastureland N uptake and 2% of previous global abstraction‐N flux estimates. Fluxes due to irrigation, thermoelectric power, and public water supply collectively account for 87% of this total. We find large intercounty variation in area‐normalized abstraction fluxes (min‐max: 0–8,267 kg NO3‐N km−2 yr−1), with eastern regions generally associated with larger fluxes. Watermains leakage returns 7 (min‐max: 6.3–7.7) kt NO3‐N yr−1 back to the environment, equivalent to 13% of NO3‐N initially abstracted for public supply and 1.3% of previous global leakage flux estimates. Our analyses reveal inter‐county variations in area‐normalized leakage fluxes (min‐max: 0–576 kg NO3‐N km−2 yr−1), with this flux exceeding other major N inputs (agricultural N fertilizer) in some urbanized and coastal counties, highlighting their importance in these areas. The local and national importance of these fluxes has implications for policy makers and water resource managers aiming to better manage the impacts of N within the environment and calls for their inclusion in both US and global N budgets.

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“…These coefficients are based on large geographical areas and may not be representative of a particular geographical area based on the mix of industrial facilities and the processes at these facilities that affect the consumptive use. Shaffer (2008), Shaffer and Runkle (2007), and this report list variations in industrial consumptive-use coefficients. Many industrial facilities report withdrawal, return-flow, and consumptive-use data, such reported data are preferred, if available, over estimates based on general industrial consumptive-use coefficients.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Variations in Withdrawal, Return Flow, and Consumptive Use of Water in Ohio and Indiana, with Selected Data from Wisconsin, 1999-2004

Shaffer¹

2009

Scientific Investigations Report

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This report contains an analysis of water withdrawal and return-flow data for Ohio and withdrawal data for Indiana and Wisconsin to compute consumptive-use coefficients and to describe monthly variability of withdrawals and consumptive use. Concurrent data were available for most water-use categories from 1999 through 2004. Average monthly water withdrawals are discussed for a variety of water-use categories, and average water use per month is depicted graphically for Ohio, Indiana, and Wisconsin (public supply only). For most water-use categories, the summer months were those of highest withdrawal and highest consumptive use. For public supply, average monthly withdrawals ranged from 1,380 million gallons per day (Mgal/d) (November) to 1,620 Mgal/d (July) in Ohio, 621 Mgal/d (December) to 816 Mgal/d (July) in Indiana, and 515 Mgal/d (December) to 694 Mgal/d (July) in Wisconsin. Ohio and Indiana thermoelectric facilities had large increases in average monthly withdrawals in the summer months (5,520 Mgal/d in March to 7,510 Mgal/d in August for Indiana; 7,380 Mgal/d in February to 10,040 Mgal/d in July for Ohio), possibly because of increased electricity production in the summer, a need for additional cooling-water withdrawals when intake-water temperature is high, or use of different types of cooling methods during different times of the year. Average industrial withdrawals ranged from 2,220 Mgal/d (December) to 2,620 Mgal/d (August) in Indiana and from 707 Mgal/d (January) to 787 Mgal/d (August) in Ohio. The Ohio and Indiana irrigation data showed that most withdrawals were in May through October for golf courses, nurseries, and crop irrigation. Commercial water withdrawals ranged from 30.4 Mgal/d (January) to 65.0 Mgal/d (September) in Indiana and from 23.2 Mgal/d (November) to 49.5 Mgal/d (August) in Ohio; commercial facilities that have high water demand in Ohio and Indiana are medical facilities, schools, amusement facilities, wildlife facilities, large stores, colleges, correctional institutions, and national security facilities. Monthly livestock withdrawals were constant for Ohio but were more variable in Indiana and depended on whether the livestock facility operated on a Variations in Water Withdrawal, Return Flow, and Consumptive Use in Ohio, Indiana, and Wisconsin relatively few records were available; the Ohio median annual consumptive-use coefficient for livestock was 76 percent (18 records), for aquaculture was 0 percent (33 records), and for mining was 10 percent (418 records). In terms of maximum accuracy and minimal uncertainty, use of available withdrawal, return-flow, and consumptiveuse data reported by facilities and data estimated from similar facilities are preferable over estimates based on data for a particular water-use category or groups of water-use categories. If monthly withdrawal, return flow, and consumptive use data are few and limited, monthly patterns described in this report may be used as a basis of estimation, but the level of uncertainty may be a greater than for the other e...

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Consumptive Water Use in the Great Lakes Basin

Cited by 8 publications

References 0 publications

Technoeconomic Analysis for the Production of Mixed Alcohols via Indirect Gasification of Biomass Based on Demonstration Experiments

Technoeconomic Analysis for the Production of Mixed Alcohols via Indirect Gasification of Biomass Based on Demonstration Experiments

Water Supply Processes Are Responsible for Significant Nitrogen Fluxes Across the United States

Variations in Withdrawal, Return Flow, and Consumptive Use of Water in Ohio and Indiana, with Selected Data from Wisconsin, 1999-2004

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