Consumptive Tourism Causes Timidity, Rather Than Boldness, Syndromes: A Response to Geffroy  et al.

Arlinghaus, Robert; Alós, Josep; Klefoth, Thomas; Laskowski, Kate L.; Monk, Christopher T.; Nakayama, Shinnosuke; Schröder, Arne

doi:10.1016/j.tree.2015.11.008

Cited by 36 publications

(35 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…The selection gradients that we estimated for radius and k was found to be high compared with published values for a range of traits under natural selection, despite our sample being biased towards angled fish53. Our results therefore suggest the potential for recreational fishing favoring individuals with low swimming speeds and contrived space, which could conform part of the timidity syndrome at population level recently described for exploited systems22.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 60%

“…Harvested animals in systems where encounters with the human predator mainly determines the probability of capture are expected to display smaller home range areas and reduced exploration rates in response to exploitation in agreement with the recently proposed “timidity syndrome”22. Empirical evidence demonstrating these predictions are however both scant and inconsistent.…”

supporting

confidence: 67%

“…The argument underlying this assumption is that catching a fish with baited hooks, artificial lures, gill nets or traps strongly depends on the behavior-driven encounter probability and the active decision of a fish to attack or ingest the bait/lure or enter the trap or gill net19. Hence, individual heterogeneity in relation to behavioral traits such as boldness, space use, refuge seeking, energy acquisition (e.g., swimming activity) or aggression should play a major role in the vulnerability of fish to recreational fishing gear21, but few empirical studies on this topic exist so far22. Moreover, the scant evidence of behavior-selective fishing that exist has generally been generated from experimental settings in laboratories or in ponds (see ref.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Fast and behavior-selective exploitation of a marine fish targeted by anglers

Alós

Palmer

Rosselló

et al. 2016

Sci Rep

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Harvesting of wild-living animals is often intensive and may selectively target heritable behavioral traits. We studied the exploitation dynamics and the vulnerability consequences of individual heterogeneity in movement-related behaviors in free-ranging pearly razorfish (Xyrichthys novacula). Using underwater-video recording, we firstly document a fast and high exploitation rate of about 60% of the adult population removed in just few days after the opening of the season. Subsequently, we tagged a sample of individuals with acoustic transmitters and studied whether behavioral traits were significant predictors of the vulnerability to angling. Tagged individuals revealed repeatable behaviors in several home range-related traits, suggesting the presence of spatial behavioral types. The individuals surviving the experimental fishery showed only localized and low-intensity movement patterns. Our study provides new insights for understanding the harvesting pressures and selective properties acting on behavioral traits of recreational fishing. Many fish stocks around the globe are today predominantly exploited by recreational fisheries. The fisheries-induced change in fish behavior described here may be therefore widespread, and has the potential to alter food-webs, profitability of the fisheries and to affect stock assessment by eroding catchability in the long-term.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 60%

supporting

confidence: 67%

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confidence: 99%

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Fast and behavior-selective exploitation of a marine fish targeted by anglers

Alós

Palmer

Rosselló

et al. 2016

Sci Rep

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“…Following the timidity syndrome hypothesis recently put forward by Arlinghaus et al. (, ), we expected to find a particularly clear relationship of risk‐taking behavior (i.e., boldness) and vulnerability to hook‐and‐line fisheries.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 75%

Toward a mechanistic understanding of vulnerability to hook‐and‐line fishing: Boldness as the basic target of angling‐induced selection

Klefoth

Skov

Kuparinen

et al. 2017

Evolutionary Applications

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In passively operated fishing gear, boldness‐related behaviors should fundamentally affect the vulnerability of individual fish and thus be under fisheries selection. To test this hypothesis, we used juvenile common‐garden reared carp (Cyprinus carpio) within a narrow size range to investigate the mechanistic basis of behavioral selection caused by angling. We focused on one key personality trait (i.e., boldness), measured in groups within ponds, two morphological traits (body shape and head shape), and one life‐history trait (juvenile growth capacity) and studied mean standardized selection gradients caused by angling. Carp behavior was highly repeatable within ponds. In the short term, over seven days of fishing, total length, not boldness, was the main predictor of angling vulnerability. However, after 20 days of fishing, boldness turned out to be the main trait under selection, followed by juvenile growth rate, while morphological traits were only weakly related to angling vulnerability. In addition, we found juvenile growth rate to be moderately correlated with boldness. Hence, direct selection on boldness will also induce indirect selection on juvenile growth and vice versa, but given that the two traits are not perfectly correlated, independent evolution of both traits is also possible. Our study is among the first to mechanistically reveal that energy‐acquisition‐related behaviors, and not growth rate per se, are key factors determining the probability of capture, and hence, behavioral traits appear to be the prime targets of angling selection. We predict an evolutionary response toward increased shyness in intensively angling‐exploited fish stocks, possibly causing the emergence of a timidity syndrome.

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“…It is debatable whether fishes for which vulnerability is strongly behaviour‐based have strong life history responses. Instead, one can predict fisheries‐induced timidity without necessarily a response in growth (Arlinghaus, et al, ; Arlinghaus, Laskowski, et al, ).…”

Section: Review Of Factors Underlying Fish Vulnerabilitymentioning

confidence: 99%

What makes fish vulnerable to capture by hooks? A conceptual framework and a review of key determinants

et al. 2017

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Considerable time and money are expended in the pursuit of catching fish with hooks (e.g., handlining, angling, longlining, trolling, drumlining) across the recreational, commercial and subsistence fishing sectors. The fish and other aquatic organisms (e.g., squid) that are captured are not a random sample of the population because external (e.g., turbidity) and underlying internal variables (e.g., morphology) contribute to variation in vulnerability to hooks. Vulnerability is the probability of capture for any given fish in a given location at a given time and mechanistically explains the population‐level catchability coefficient, which is a fundamental and usually time‐varying (i.e., dynamic) variable in fisheries science and stock assessment. The mechanistic drivers of individual vulnerability to capture are thus of interest to fishers by affecting catch rates, but are also of considerable importance to fisheries managers whenever hook‐and‐line‐generated data contribute to stock assessments. In this paper, individual vulnerability to hooks is conceptualized as a dynamic state, in which individual fish switch between vulnerable and invulnerable states as a function of three interdependent key processes: an individual fish's internal state, its encounter with the gear, and the characteristics of the encountered gear. We develop a new conceptual framework of “vulnerability,” summarize the major drivers of fish vulnerability, and conclude that fish vulnerability involves complex processes. To understand vulnerability, a shift to interdisciplinary research and the integration of ecophysiology, fish ecology, fisheries ecology and human movement ecology, facilitated by new technological developments, is required.

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Consumptive Tourism Causes Timidity, Rather Than Boldness, Syndromes: A Response to Geffroy et al.

Cited by 36 publications

References 11 publications

Fast and behavior-selective exploitation of a marine fish targeted by anglers

Fast and behavior-selective exploitation of a marine fish targeted by anglers

Toward a mechanistic understanding of vulnerability to hook‐and‐line fishing: Boldness as the basic target of angling‐induced selection

What makes fish vulnerable to capture by hooks? A conceptual framework and a review of key determinants

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