Consumption Trends of Antibiotic for Veterinary Use in Tanzania: A Longitudinal Retrospective Survey From 2010-2017

Sangeda, Raphael Zozimus; Baha, Andrea; Alexander, Eben; Mkumbwa, Sonia; Bitegeko, Adonis; Sillo, Hiiti; Fimbo, Adam M.; Chambuso, Mhina; Mbugi, Erasto V.

doi:10.3389/fitd.2021.694082

Cited by 19 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 44 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…One of the critical elements of AMS is the monitoring of AMU in both animals and humans. We recently conducted a study to report the trend of AMU on antibiotics for veterinary use, and we showed that tetracycline, sulfonamides, trimethoprim, quinolones, aminoglycoside beta-lactams, and antibacterial combinations were the most frequently used antibiotics, with tetracycline on the top of the list in Tanzania [31]. The current study complements the trends of AMU in humans in a recent report by Mbwasi and colleagues [32].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 71%

See 1 more Smart Citation

National Antibiotics Utilization Trends for Human Use in Tanzania from 2010 to 2016 Inferred from Tanzania Medicines and Medical Devices Authority Importation Data

Sangeda

Saburi

Masatu³

et al. 2021

Antibiotics

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Antimicrobial use (AMU) is one of the major drivers of emerging antimicrobial resistance (AMR). The surveillance of AMU, which is a pillar of AMR stewardship (AMS), helps devise strategies to mitigate AMR. This descriptive, longitudinal retrospective study quantified the trends in human antibiotics utilization between 2010 and 2016 using data on all antibiotics imported for systemic human use into Tanzania’s mainland. Regression and time series analyses were used to establish trends in antibiotics use. A total of 12,073 records for antibiotics were retrieved, totaling 154.51 Defined Daily Doses per 1000 inhabitants per day (DID), with a mean (±standard deviation) of 22.07 (±48.85) DID. The private sector contributed 93.76% of utilized antibiotics. The top-ranking antibiotics were amoxicillin, metronidazole, tetracycline, ciprofloxacin, and cefalexin. The DIDs and percentage contribution of these antibiotics were 53.78 (34.81%), 23.86 (15.44), 20.53 (13.29), 9.27 (6.0) and 6.94 (4.49), respectively. The time series model predicted a significant increase in utilization (p-value = 0.002). The model forecasted that by 2022, the total antibiotics consumed would be 89.6 DIDs, which is a 13-fold increase compared to 2010. Government intervention to curb inappropriate antibiotics utilization and mitigate the rising threat of antibiotic resistance should focus on implementing AMS programs in pharmacies and hospitals in Tanzania.

show abstract

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 71%

“…To the southwest border is Zambia, and to the northeast border is Kenya. The Democratic Republic of Congo, Rwanda, and Burundi are located on the western border [31]. These serve as the port of entry of imported pharmaceuticals into Tanzania via seaport and airports.…”

Section: Study Settingmentioning

confidence: 99%

National Antibiotics Utilization Trends for Human Use in Tanzania from 2010 to 2016 Inferred from Tanzania Medicines and Medical Devices Authority Importation Data

Sangeda

Saburi

Masatu³

et al. 2021

Antibiotics

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Dar es Salaam (6.7924°S, 39.2083°E) airports and sea harbor remain the major ports of entry of imported medicines to Tanzania. Other key entry points include Kilimanjaro airport (3.4245°S, 37.0651°E) border checkpoints at Sirari (1.2512°S, 34.4763°E), Horohoro (6.369°S, 34.8888°E), Namanga (Kenya border), Tunduma (9.3096°S, 32.7689°E) in the Zambia border and Mutukula (1.0007°S, 31.4156°E) on the Uganda border (35).…”

Section: Study Settingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Utilization Trends of Antiviral and Antifungal Agents for Human Systemic Use in Tanzania From 2010 to 2017 Using the World Health Organization Collaborating Centre for Drug Statistics Methodology

Hamim

Sangeda

Bundala³

et al. 2021

Front. Trop. Dis

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

IntroductionThe increase in antimicrobial consumption contributes to the emergence of antimicrobial resistance (AMR). Many studies have investigated the patterns of antibacterial consumption and antibacterial resistance. However, there is a paucity of data on the utilization of antivirals and antifungals in low and middle-income countries to serve as a baseline for monitoring and surveillance of AMR. Therefore, this study determined Tanzania’s systemic antifungal and antiviral utilization trends from 2010 to 2017, based on the Tanzania Medicines and Medical Devices Authority (TMDA) medicine importation archives.MethodologyAn analytical, longitudinal retrospective survey covering 2010 to 2017 was conducted. The study utilized the Anatomical Therapeutic and Chemical (ATC) classification and Defined Daily Dose (DDD) developed by the World Health Organization (WHO) Collaborating Centre for Drug Statistics and the WHO Collaboration Centre for International Drug Consumption Monitoring. Human medicine importation data were collected from TMDA headquarters and used to assess the systemic antiviral and antifungal consumption trends. The importation data included the date, generic name, strength, brand name, currency, quantity, ATC classification, supplier country, port of entry and product supplier. The data were cleaned, reorganized and analyzed. Reference was made to the latest revised DDD list to assign antifungals and antivirals to their respective ATC/DDDs and then adjusted to the population estimates from the National Bureau of Statistics of Tanzania.ResultsThere was a high proportion of systemic antivirals and antifungals utilization with 367.1 and 10.8 DDD per 1000 inhabitants per day (DID) respectively over eight years. In regression model, there was a significant increase in both antiviral (p-value = 0.043) and antifungal (p-value = 0.015) agents’ utilization trends in Tanzania in the study period. Fluconazole had the highest proportion of utilization for antifungals, followed by ketoconazole, itraconazole, miconazole and amphotericin B. For systemic antivirals, a high proportion was attributed to antiretrovirals used for HIV infections.ConclusionFindings from this study suggest an increase in the utilization of systemic antiviral and antifungal agents. These findings may be used to further benchmark utilization and AMR studies in Tanzania.

show abstract

“…Studies conducted between 2001 and 2020 in Tanzania show a substantial proportion of ESBL-producing isolates in ICUs in some hospitals and some fatal cases of pediatric septicemia due to ESBL producers [ 3 , 12 , 13 ]. In Tanzania, the prevalence of ESBL producers could be aggravated by the fact that the majority of the livestock, and particularly poultry keepers, use antibiotics to treat their flock whenever they get ill before seeking other specialized veterinary care [ 5 , 14 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Magnitude of Extended-Spectrum Beta-Lactamase-Producing Gram-Negative and Beta-Lactamase-Producing Gram-Positive Pathogens Isolated from Patients in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania: A Cross-Sectional Study

Mloka¹,

Sangeda²,

Mwambete³

et al. 2022

Cureus

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Background The worldwide emergence of antibiotic-resistant bacteria threatens to overshadow the dramatic advances in medical sciences since the discovery of antibiotics. Antibiotic resistance has rendered some antibiotics obsolete, creating a reliance on synthetic drugs. In some instances, bacteria can be resistant to all antibiotics. The problem of antibiotic resistance is eminent in resource-limited countries like Tanzania, where systematic surveillance and routine susceptibility tests are rarely conducted. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the magnitude of beta-lactamase-producing Gram-positive pathogens and Enterobacteriaceae with extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL) in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania. Methodology This multi-site cross-sectional study involved three private hospitals in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania. The study was conducted between July and September 2008. Bacterial isolates were collected, identified, and subjected to antibiotic-sensitivity testing against cephalosporins, including ceftriaxone, cefuroxime and cefotaxime, and clavulanic acid, which are antibiotics readily available on the Tanzanian market at the time of the study. The microdilution method was employed to determine beta-lactamase and ESBL production per the Clinical Laboratory and Standards Institute (CLSI) protocol. Cephalosporins, including ceftriaxone, cefuroxime and cefotaxime, the beta-lactamase inhibitor, and clavulanic acid, were serially diluted with concentrations ranging from 0.011 mg/ml to 200 mg/ml. Each of these antibiotics was subjected to sensitivity tests by determining the minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) of the clinical isolates of bacteria using a 96-well microdilution plate. Five microliters of bacterial suspension were inoculated into each well-containing 120µl of sterile Mueller-Hinton broth before incubation overnight. Results A total of 111 bacterial isolates were tested. Of the 111 tested bacterial isolates, 85 (76.6%) and 26 (23.4%) were Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria, respectively. Fifty-six clinical isolates (50.4%) were Escherichia coli, and 13 Salmonella species (11.7%) were among the Gram-negative isolates. On the other hand, 15 (13.5%) and 11 (9.9%) Gram-positive bacteria were Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus species, respectively, of all isolates. The majority of these clinical isolates, 71 (64.0%), were obtained from mid-stream urine, while the remaining were from stool, vaginal secretions, blood, pus, catheter sip, and urethra. A high proportion of tested Gram-negative bacteria, 58 (68.2%), were identified as ESBL producers, and 16 (61.5%) of the Gram-positive bacteria were identified as beta-lactamase producers. Cefuroxime was the least effective, exhibiting the largest MIC (18.47 ± 22.6 mg/ml) compared to clavulanic acid alone (5.28 ± 8.0 mg/ml) and clavulanic acid-cefuroxime (5.0± 12.32 mg/ml). Of all isolates, 78.2% ...

show abstract

Consumption Trends of Antibiotic for Veterinary Use in Tanzania: A Longitudinal Retrospective Survey From 2010-2017

Cited by 19 publications

References 44 publications

National Antibiotics Utilization Trends for Human Use in Tanzania from 2010 to 2016 Inferred from Tanzania Medicines and Medical Devices Authority Importation Data

National Antibiotics Utilization Trends for Human Use in Tanzania from 2010 to 2016 Inferred from Tanzania Medicines and Medical Devices Authority Importation Data

Utilization Trends of Antiviral and Antifungal Agents for Human Systemic Use in Tanzania From 2010 to 2017 Using the World Health Organization Collaborating Centre for Drug Statistics Methodology

Magnitude of Extended-Spectrum Beta-Lactamase-Producing Gram-Negative and Beta-Lactamase-Producing Gram-Positive Pathogens Isolated from Patients in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania: A Cross-Sectional Study

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About