Consumption of ultra-processed foods and likely impact on human health. Evidence from Canada

Moubarac, Jean‐Claude; Martins, Ana Paula Bortoletto; Claro, Rafael Moreira; Levy, Renata Bertazzi; Cannon, Geoffrey; Monteiro, Carlos Augusto

doi:10.1017/s1368980012005009

Cited by 380 publications

(403 citation statements)

References 10 publications

(26 reference statements)

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“…30 Such intervention strategies are supported by the observed positive association between food skill and fruit and vegetable consumption in Canada. 22 However, our results raise serious questions about the appropriateness of recommendations by the Conference Board of Canada 10 and others 8,11 that programs to improve food skills are part of the solution to food insecurity in this country.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Adults’ food skills and use of gardens are not associated with household food insecurity in Canada

Huisken

Orr

Tarasuk

2016

Can J Public Health

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OBJECTIVES: To determine the extent to which Canadian adults' food preparation and cooking skills and use of home or community gardens relate to their household food insecurity status; and to compare the food shopping and cooking behaviours of adults in food-secure and food-insecure households.METHODS: Data were drawn from two Rapid Response Modules appended to the Canadian Community Health Survey in 2012 and 2013. The analytic sample comprised 16,496 respondents 18 years and older. Multivariable logistic regression analyses were conducted to determine the association between food insecurity and adults' self-rated cooking abilities, food preparation skills score, use of gardens, food shopping behaviours, and cooking behaviours, while adjusting for socio-demographic characteristics.RESULTS: Adults in food-insecure households did not differ significantly from others with respect to their food preparation skills or cooking ability, and neither variable predicted the odds of household food insecurity when socio-demographic characteristics were taken into account. Adults in food-insecure households were less likely to use a garden for food, but gardening was unrelated to the odds of food insecurity. Shopping with a budget was more common among adults in food-insecure households, but no other differences in food shopping behaviours were observed after adjustment for socio-demographic characteristics. Adults in food-insecure households were as likely as others to adjust recipes to make them healthier, but they had higher odds of adjusting recipes to reduce their fat content. CONCLUSION:Our findings suggest that household food insecurity in Canada is not a problem of insufficient food skills.KEY WORDS: Canada; food insecurity; gardening; cooking La traduction du résumé se trouve à la fin de l'article.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Adults’ food skills and use of gardens are not associated with household food insecurity in Canada

Huisken

Orr

Tarasuk

2016

Can J Public Health

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“…Despite the pervasiveness of TF in the diet of Eeyouch participants, 39% of energy in the diet was derived from the consumption of ultra-processed foods and beverages (UPP). The percentage of energy in the diet derived from UPP was lower than the share (48%) in the general Canadian populace [42,43]. TF intake is an indicator of positive diet quality, while UPP intake is an indicator of poor diet quality [42,44–46].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Factors associated with the intake of traditional foods in theEeyou Istchee(Cree) of northern Quebec include age, speaking the Cree language and food sovereignty indicators

Willows

Johnson‐Down

Moubarac

et al. 2018

International Journal of Circumpolar Health

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The Eeyouch are a First Nations (Cree) population that live above 49.6°N latitude in Eeyou Istchee in northern Quebec. Eeyouch rely on traditional foods (TF) hunted, fished or gathered from the land. The overarching aim of this study was to achieve an understanding of the factors associated with TF intake among Eeyouch. Data were from 465 women and 330 men who participated in the Nituuchischaayihtitaau Aschii Multi-Community Environment-and-Health (E&H) study. The relationship between TF consumption and dietary, health, sociodemographic and food sovereignty (i.e. being a hunter or receiving Income Security to hunt, trap or fish) variables was examined using linear and logistic regression. Analyses were stratified by sex because of the male/female discrepancy in being a hunter. Among respondents, almost all (99.7%) consumed TF, 51% were hunters and 10% received Income Security. Higher intake of TF was associated with lower consumption of less nutritious ultra-processed products (UPP). In women, TF intake increased with age, hunting and receiving Income Security, but decreased with high school education. In men, TF intake increased with age and speaking only Cree at home. The findings suggest that increased food sovereignty would result in improved diet quality among Eeyouch through increased TF intake and decreased UPP intake.

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“…Moubarac et al found that compared with the population quintile with the lowest consumption of group 3 items (33·2 % of total energy), the diet of those in the highest quintile (84·5 % of total energy) was significantly lower in protein (11·6 v. 14·9 %) and fibre (8·0 v. 11·2 g/4184 kJ (1000 kcal)), higher in fat (38·2 v. 35 %), free sugars (9·2 v. 15 %) and sodium (1·1 v. 1·6 g/4184 kJ), and more energy dense (7·5 v. 9·6 kJ/g (1·8 v. 2·3 kcal/g)) (38) .…”

Section: Previous Studiesmentioning

confidence: 96%

“…Implications for public health Ultra-processed products and diets based on such items tend to be unhealthy and unbalanced: excessive in fat (including saturated and trans fat), free sugars and sodium while low in dietary fibre, micronutrients and phytochemicals (4,38,45,46) . Moubarac et al found that compared with the population quintile with the lowest consumption of group 3 items (33·2 % of total energy), the diet of those in the highest quintile (84·5 % of total energy) was significantly lower in protein (11·6 v. 14·9 %) and fibre (8·0 v. 11·2 g/4184 kJ (1000 kcal)), higher in fat (38·2 v. 35 %), free sugars (9·2 v. 15 %) and sodium (1·1 v. 1·6 g/4184 kJ), and more energy dense (7·5 v. 9·6 kJ/g (1·8 v. 2·3 kcal/g)) (38) .…”

Section: Previous Studiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Trends in consumption of ultra-processed foods and obesity in Sweden between 1960 and 2010

Juul¹,

Hemmingsson²

2015

Public Health Nutr.

199

178

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Objective: To investigate how consumption of ultra-processed foods has changed in Sweden in relation to obesity. Design: Nationwide ecological analysis of changes in processed foods along with corresponding changes in obesity. Trends in per capita food consumption during 1960-2010 were investigated using data from the Swedish Board of Agriculture. Food items were classified as group 1 (unprocessed/minimally processed), group 2 (processed culinary ingredients) or group 3 (3·1, processed food products; and 3·2, ultra-processed products). Obesity prevalence data were pooled from the peer-reviewed literature, Statistics Sweden and the WHO Global Health Observatory. Setting: Nationwide analysis in Sweden, 1960Sweden, -2010. Subjects: Swedish nationals aged 18 years and older. Results: During the study period consumption of group 1 foods (minimal processing) decreased by 2 %, while consumption of group 2 foods (processed ingredients) decreased by 34 %. Consumption of group 3·1 foods (processed food products) increased by 116 % and group 3·2 foods (ultra-processed products) increased by 142 %. Among ultra-processed products, there were particularly large increases in soda (315 %; 22 v. 92 litres/capita per annum) and snack foods such as crisps and candies (367 %; 7 v. 34 kg/capita per annum). In parallel to these changes in ultra-processed products, rates of adult obesity increased from 5 % in 1980 to over 11 % in 2010. Conclusions: The consumption of ultra-processed products (i.e. foods with low nutritional value but high energy density) has increased dramatically in Sweden since 1960, which mirrors the increased prevalence of obesity. Future research should clarify the potential causal role of ultra-processed products in weight gain and obesity.

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Consumption of ultra-processed foods and likely impact on human health. Evidence from Canada

Cited by 380 publications

References 10 publications

Adults’ food skills and use of gardens are not associated with household food insecurity in Canada

Adults’ food skills and use of gardens are not associated with household food insecurity in Canada

Factors associated with the intake of traditional foods in theEeyou Istchee(Cree) of northern Quebec include age, speaking the Cree language and food sovereignty indicators

Trends in consumption of ultra-processed foods and obesity in Sweden between 1960 and 2010

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