Consumption of ultra-processed foods and drinks and colorectal, breast, and prostate cancer

Romaguera, Dora; Fernández–Barrés, Sílvia; Gràcia-Lavedán, Esther; Vendrell, Eva; Azpiri, Mikel; Ruiz-Moreno, Emma; Martín, Vicente; Gómez‐Acebo, Inés; Obón, Mireia; Molinuevo, Amaia; Fresán, Ujué; Molina-Barceló, Ana; Olmedo‐Requena, Rocío; Tardón, Adonina; Alguacil, Juan; Solans, Marta; Huerta, José María; Ruiz-Dominguez, José Manuel; Aragonés, Núria; Fernández‐Villa, Tania; Dierssen-Sotos, Trinidad; Moreno, Vı́ctor; Guevara, Marcela; Vanaclocha-Espí, Mercedes; Lozano‐Lorca, Macarena; Fernández‐Tardón, Guillermo; Castaño‐Vinyals, Gemma; Pérez‐Gómez, Beatriz; Molina, A.; Llorca, Javier; Gil, Leire; Castilla, Jesús; Pollán, Marina; Kogevinas, Manolis; Amiano, Pilar

doi:10.1016/j.clnu.2021.02.033

Cited by 51 publications

(51 citation statements)

References 42 publications

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“…Food and drink items of the FFQ were categorized into one of the four groups in NOVA, a food classification system based on the extent and purpose of industrial food processing [25]. For several items, not enough information was available in the FFQ to unequivocally classify them into one of the four NOVA categories.…”

Section: Exposure: Upfmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This study primarily focused on group 4 of the NOVA classification, which includes industrial formulations that have usually added industrial ingredients such as hydrogenated oils, flavors or emulsifiers and contain little or no whole foods (e.g., sweet or savory packaged snacks, sweetened beverages and ready to eat foods). Following previous studies [24,25], for each individual the consumption of all items included in each NOVA group (expressed in daily grams) was added and expressed as a percentage of the total dietary intake (daily g within the NOVA category/total daily g, multiplied by 100). This variable was further categorized into low, medium and high consumption according to sex-specific tertiles in the control group.…”

Section: Exposure: Upfmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In line with previous studies on UPF [24,25], we performed complementary analyses by further adjusting model 2 for dietary factors that could act as potential confounders of the association: energy density (kcal), fiber intake (g/day), sugar intake (% of total energy intake), saturated fatty acid intake (% of total energy intake) and fruit and vegetable consumption (g/day).…”

Section: Statistical Analysesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, other less desirable properties [17,18] including their poor nutritional composition (i.e., high amounts of saturated fats, refined starches, free sugars and salts), the potential presence of components derived from food processing (i.e., heterocycle amines, acrylamide or aromatic polycyclic hydrocarbons) or packaging (i.e., bisphenol A) might have a deleterious effect on human health [17]. Indeed, cumulative evidence from epidemiological studies points to an association between the consumption of UPF and obesity [19], cardiovascular disease [20], mortality [21][22][23] and, more recently, cancer [24,25]. Regarding the latter, a French prospective study conducted in 104,980 participants reported an increased risk of developing cancer and, more specifically, breast cancer [24].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Regarding the latter, a French prospective study conducted in 104,980 participants reported an increased risk of developing cancer and, more specifically, breast cancer [24]. Lately, in a large Spanish multicase-control study (MCC-Spain) including cases of colorectal (n = 1852), breast (n = 1486) and prostate cancer (n = 953), the consumption of UPF was associated with colorectal cancer [25]. However, to date, no study has assessed their potential impact on hematological neoplasms.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Consumption of Ultra-Processed Food and Drinks and Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia in the MCC-Spain Study

Solans

Fernández–Barrés

Romaguera

et al. 2021

IJERPH

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Chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) is the most common leukemia in adults in Western countries. Its etiology is largely unknown but increasing incidence rates observed worldwide suggest that lifestyle and environmental factors such as diet might play a role in the development of CLL. Hence, we hypothesized that the consumption of ultra-processed food and drinks (UPF) might be associated with CLL. Data from a Spanish population-based case-control study (MCC-Spain study) including 230 CLL cases (recruited within three years of diagnosis) and 1634 population-based controls were used. The usual diet during the previous year was collected through a validated food frequency questionnaire and food and drink consumption was categorized using the NOVA classification scheme. Logistic regression models adjusted for potential confounders were used. Overall, no association was reported between the consumption of UPF and CLL cases (OR per each 10% increase of the relative contribution of UPF to total dietary intake = 1.09 (95% CI: 0.94; 1.25)), independently of the Rai stage at diagnosis. However, when analyses were restricted to cases diagnosed within <1 year (incident), each 10% increment in the consumption of UPF was associated with a 22% higher odds ratio of CLL (95% CI: 1.02, 1.47) suggesting that the overall results might be affected by the inclusion of prevalent cases, who might have changed their dietary habits after cancer diagnosis. Given the low number of cases in the subgroup analyses and multiple tests performed, chance findings cannot totally be ruled out. Nonetheless, positive associations found in CLL incident cases merit further research, ideally in well-powered studies with a prospective design.

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Section: Exposure: Upfmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Exposure: Upfmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Statistical Analysesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Consumption of Ultra-Processed Food and Drinks and Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia in the MCC-Spain Study

Solans

Fernández–Barrés

Romaguera

et al. 2021

IJERPH

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Ultra‐processed food consumption and the risk of pancreatic cancer in the Prostate, Lung, Colorectal and Ovarian Cancer Screening Trial

Zhong

Zhu

Cai

et al. 2022

Intl Journal of Cancer

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Whether ultra‐processed food consumption is associated with the risk of pancreatic cancer has not been determined. We performed a prospective study to fill this gap. A population‐based cohort of 98 265 American adults was identified from the Prostate, Lung, Colorectal and Ovarian Cancer Screening Trial. Ultra‐processed foods were defined by the NOVA classification. Cox regression was used to estimate hazard ratios (HRs) for pancreatic cancer incidence. Subgroup analysis was performed to identify the potential effect modifiers. During a mean follow‐up of 8.86 years, 387 pancreatic cancer cases occurred. High consumption of ultra‐processed foods was found to be associated with an increased risk of pancreatic cancer (fully adjusted HRquartile 4 vs 1:1.49; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.07‐2.07; Ptrend = .021) in a linear dose‐response manner (Pnonlinearity = .075). Subgroup analysis further found that the positive association of ultra‐processed food consumption with the risk of pancreatic cancer was more pronounced in subjects aged <65 years (HRquartile 4 vs 1:2.17; 95% CI: 1.14‐4.15) than in those aged ≥65 years (HRquartile 4 vs 1:1.32; 95% CI: 0.88‐1.94), though the interaction test failed to achieve the statistical significance (Pinteraction = .061). These findings suggest that reducing ultra‐processed food consumption may be beneficial in decreasing pancreatic cancer incidence.

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Ultra-processed foods, adiposity and risk of head and neck cancer and oesophageal adenocarcinoma in the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition study: a mediation analysis

Morales-Berstein,

Biessy,

Viallon

et al. 2023

Eur J Nutr

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Purpose To investigate the role of adiposity in the associations between ultra-processed food (UPF) consumption and head and neck cancer (HNC) and oesophageal adenocarcinoma (OAC) in the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC) cohort. Methods Our study included 450,111 EPIC participants. We used Cox regressions to investigate the associations between the consumption of UPFs and HNC and OAC risk. A mediation analysis was performed to assess the role of body mass index (BMI) and waist-to-hip ratio (WHR) in these associations. In sensitivity analyses, we investigated accidental death as a negative control outcome. Results During a mean follow-up of 14.13 ± 3.98 years, 910 and 215 participants developed HNC and OAC, respectively. A 10% g/d higher consumption of UPFs was associated with an increased risk of HNC (hazard ratio [HR] = 1.23, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.14–1.34) and OAC (HR = 1.24, 95% CI 1.05–1.47). WHR mediated 5% (95% CI 3–10%) of the association between the consumption of UPFs and HNC risk, while BMI and WHR, respectively, mediated 13% (95% CI 6–53%) and 15% (95% CI 8–72%) of the association between the consumption of UPFs and OAC risk. UPF consumption was positively associated with accidental death in the negative control analysis. Conclusions We reaffirmed that higher UPF consumption is associated with greater risk of HNC and OAC in EPIC. The proportion mediated via adiposity was small. Further research is required to investigate other mechanisms that may be at play (if there is indeed any causal effect of UPF consumption on these cancers).

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Consumption of ultra-processed foods and drinks and colorectal, breast, and prostate cancer

Cited by 51 publications

References 42 publications

Consumption of Ultra-Processed Food and Drinks and Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia in the MCC-Spain Study

Consumption of Ultra-Processed Food and Drinks and Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia in the MCC-Spain Study

Ultra‐processed food consumption and the risk of pancreatic cancer in the Prostate, Lung, Colorectal and Ovarian Cancer Screening Trial

Ultra-processed foods, adiposity and risk of head and neck cancer and oesophageal adenocarcinoma in the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition study: a mediation analysis

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