Consumption of school meals provided by PNAE among brazilian public school adolescents

Abstract

and the associated factors among Brazilian adolescents. Methods: Cross-sectional study with data from the Study of Cardiovascular Risks in Adolescents conducted in 2013-2014, with 58,707 adolescents aged 12 to 17 years-old who attended public schools. Logistic regression models were stratified by sex and the significance level of 5% was adopted for all analyses. Results: There was low adherence to school meals (17.2%). The chance of regular consumption of school meals was higher among male adolescents belonging to the medium (p<0.05) and the low (p<0.05) socioeconomic score categories. For females, the chance of regular consumption of food offered at school was higher among black-skinned, brownskinned, indigenous-skinned or yellow-skinned adolescents (p<0.05), aged 16 and 17 (p<0.05), who worked (p<0.001) and belonged to the medium (p<0.05) and low (p<0.05) socioeconomic score categories. The regular purchase of food in school cafeterias reduced the chance of regular consumption of school meals for males (p<0.001) and females (p<0.001). Conclusions: Adherence to the food offered by the PNAE is far from ideal, and it is important to create public policies that encourage the consumption of school meals and improve adherence. In addition, the strengthening and drafting of regulations aimed at the sale of food in the interior and surrounding schools' areas is necessary.

Characteristics of the School Food Environment Affect the Consumption of Sugar-Sweetened Beverages Among Adolescents

“…Previous studies have shown that the presence of food and beverage sales in schools was associated with an increase in the chances of SSB and ultraprocessed food consumption (16,48). In addition, the presence of this type of sale was associated with a reduction in the chances of consuming school meals provided by the PNAE (49).…”

School environment and adherence to school meals among Brazilian public-school adolescents

“…The national literature shows that the factors associated with low adherence to school meals among adolescents are both at the individual level, such as gender, age, race, maternal education, having a paid job, and socioeconomic conditions 16,17,18,19,20,21 , and the school context 17,22 . The presence of a cafeteria 17,22 and poorer student perception of the physical structure of the cafeteria 21 were negatively associated with adherence to school meals.…”

“…Similarly, Sturion et al 17 evaluated 2,678 schoolchildren from the 1st to the 8th grade of elementary education in ten Brazilian municipalities, two from each geographic region, and found that commercial cafeterias in schools are inversely associated with daily adherence to the PNAE. Therefore, the availability and advertising of ultra-processed foods in the school environment influence the adolescents' food choices 5 and can be considered determining factors in the adherence to the food offered by the school, since it has been previously identified that adolescents who regularly buy food from the cafeteria are less likely to adhere to school meals 20 .…”

“…For this study, questions related to geographical characteristics, the school's administrative type, and food were used. PeNSE 2015 evaluated a total of 102,072 students frompublic (81,154) and private schools (20,918). However, considering that this study aimed to assess adherence to school meals for students RESUMEN Objetivo: Evaluar si el ambiente escolar está asociado con la adherencia a las comidas escolares entre los estudiantes adolescentes de las escuelas públicas brasileñas.…”

“…Brazilian students can benefit from one or up to three meals a day, depending on their age and how long they stay in school, and the distribution times are defined by the responsible technical nutritionist 15 . However, the achievement of this program's objectives may be impaired due to the low adherence to school meals among adolescents, ranging from 20 to 60% 16,17,18,19,20,21,22 .…”