Consumption of Salted Fish and Other Risk Factors for Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma (NPC) in Tianjin, a Low-Risk Region for NPC in the People's Republic of China

Ning, Jia-Ping; Yu, Mimi C.; Wang, Qingsheng; Henderson, Brian E.

doi:10.1093/jnci/82.4.291

Cited by 119 publications

(94 citation statements)

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“…The apparent evolution of diet in the Zangwu Region, characterised by a large decrease in consumption of preserved food, fish as well as vegetables or meat, and its replacement by fresh products has not yet affected the risk in the generations concerned by this change, as shown by the persistence of a high rate of NPC incidence in Zangwu Region, but an effect may be observed in future decades. Regular consumption of leafy vegetables was associated with a reduction of the risk for NPC, as reported in other studies for other vegetables (Yu et al, 1989;Ning et al, 1990). An increased risk was found for melon seed consumption between the ages of 2 and 10 (especially in Wuzhou City, where this snack is sold on the streets).…”

Section: Areasupporting

confidence: 81%

“…The salted fish is usually steamed prior to mixing with rice porridge. Similarly, a study performed in a low-risk region for NPC, Tianjin (China), showed that the consumption of steamed salted fish at the age of 10 years carried a higher relative risk than consumption of fried, grilled or boiled s,alted fish at the same age (Ning et al, 1990). Methods of cooking (duration, temperature, associated food) could have an effect on the amount and/or the activity of carcinogenic substances present in salted fish.…”

Section: Areamentioning

confidence: 97%

“…Several case-control studies conducted among southern Chinese have indicated an association between the consumption of salted fish, especially during weaning, and the risk of developing NPC (Armstrong et al, 1983;Yu et al, 1986Yu et al, , 1989Ning et al, 1990). More recent studies in China and Tunisia have suggested that the consumption in early youth of salted and preserved foods other than salted fish is also associated with an increased risk of NPC (Yu et al, 1988(Yu et al, , 1989Jeannel et al, 1990).…”

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confidence: 99%

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Environmental and dietary risk factors for nasopharyngeal carcinoma: a case-control study in Zangwu County, Guangxi, China

Zheng¹,

et al. 1994

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Summary A case-control study was conducted on 88 incident cases of histologically confirmed undifferentiated nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) in Zangwu County, China, and 176 age-sex-and neighbourhood-matched controls. The design of this study was defined after an anthropological survey on living habits in regions of high NPC incidence and the evidence of carcinogenic substances in some commonly consumed preserved foods. Subjects were interviewed regarding living conditions and diet in the year preceding the diagnosis of NPC and, with the help of their families, during childhood and weaning. After adjustment for a living conditions score to eliminate a confounding effect, an increased risk associated with consumption of salted fish during weaning and childhood was confirmed, especially for salted fish in rice porridge. The consumption of leafy vegetables was associated with a reduced risk for NPC, and consumption of melon seeds between 2 and 10 years of age with an increased risk. After multivariate analysis and adjustment according to the living conditions score, the consumption of salted fish in rice porridge before age 2 (OR = 3.8, P = 0.005), exposure to domestic woodfire (OR = 5.4, P = 0.01) and consumption of herbal tea (OR = 4.2, P = 0.02) were found to be independently related to the risk of NPC. The excess risk associated with the use of domestic wood fire increased if there were no windows in the house and with poor ventilation and cooking outside the house in a shack. As well as confirming the importance of the consumption of salted fish in childhood, this study has been the first to provide unequivocal evidence for two other factors implicated in increasing the risk of NPC in China, the adult consumption of traditional medicines (herbal tea) and exposure to domestic wood fumes.

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Section: Areasupporting

confidence: 81%

Section: Areamentioning

confidence: 97%

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confidence: 99%

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Environmental and dietary risk factors for nasopharyngeal carcinoma: a case-control study in Zangwu County, Guangxi, China

Zheng¹,

et al. 1994

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“…It has a high incidence among the native people of the American Arctic and Greenland and in southern Asia (Yu and Yuan 2002). NPC is strongly linked to consumption of Cantonese salted fish (Ning et al 1990) and infection with Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) (Raab-Traub 2002), which is almost invariably present within the cancer cells and is thought to promote oncogenic transformation (zur Hausen et al 1970). A challenging feature of NPC genome sequencing is that significant lymphocyte infiltration (e.g., 80% of cells in a sample) (Jayasurya et al 2000) is common, requiring special laboratory and bioinformatic approaches not necessary for higher-purity tumors (Mardis et al 2009).…”

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confidence: 99%

Discovery of recurrent structural variants in nasopharyngeal carcinoma

et al. 2013

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We present the discovery of genes recurrently involved in structural variation in nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) and the identification of a novel type of somatic structural variant. We identified the variants with high complexity mate-pair libraries and a novel computational algorithm specifically designed for tumor-normal comparisons, SMASH. SMASH combines signals from split reads and mate-pair discordance to detect somatic structural variants. We demonstrate a >90% validation rate and a breakpoint reconstruction accuracy of 3 bp by Sanger sequencing. Our approach identified three in-frame gene fusions (YAP1-MAML2, PTPLB-RSRC1, and SP3-PTK2) that had strong levels of expression in corresponding NPC tissues. We found two cases of a novel type of structural variant, which we call ''coupled inversion,'' one of which produced the YAP1-MAML2 fusion. To investigate whether the identified fusion genes are recurrent, we performed fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH) to screen 196 independent NPC cases. We observed recurrent rearrangements of MAML2 (three cases), PTK2 (six cases), and SP3 (two cases), corresponding to a combined rate of structural variation recurrence of 6% among tested NPC tissues.

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“…EBV infection [5], consumption of salted fish at an early age [6,7]. Constant occupational exposure to wood dust [8] and long-term cigarette smoking [9].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Association of hOGG1 Ser326Cys, ITGA2 C807T and TNF-A -308G>A Polymorphisms with the Risk of NPC

Eng-Zhuan¹,

Munn-Sann²,

Pp³

et al. 2017

J Mol Genet Med

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Background: Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) is a rare form of cancer. NPC is the 4th most common cancer in Malaysia and the incidence rate for Malaysian Chinese is exceptionally high compared to other races. NPC is considered as a relatively radiosensitive tumor and patients diagnosed at early stages tend to survive longer compared to those who with advanced disease. Given that early symptoms of NPC are non-specific, and that the nasopharynx is relatively inaccessible, less invasive screening methods such as biomarker screening might be the key to improve NPC survival and management.Methodology: A matched case-control study was conducted to investigate the effect of hOGG1 Ser326Cys, ITGA2 C807T and TNF-α -308G>A polymorphisms on the risk of nasopharyngeal carcinoma and all-cause survival. hOGG1 gene encodes for a DNA glycosylase, a protein that is involved in DNA repair. ITGA2 is the alpha subunit of the transmembrane receptor integrin and is mainly responsible for cell-cell and cell-extracellular matrix interaction. TNF-α is a cytokine that is released by immune cells during inflammation. Restriction fragment length polymorphism-polymerase chain reaction (RFLP-PCR) was used to process DNA genotyping studies involving all aforementioned gene polymorphisms. Conditional logistic regression was used for the analysis of NPC risk on gene polymorphisms, controlling for cigarette smoking, salted fish and alcohol consumption.Results: Conditional logistic regression showed that NPC cases were more likely to ever consume salted fish during childhood compared to controls (OR=1.80, 95% CI=1.32-2.46, p<0.01). Individuals with previous smoking history were also at higher risk of NPC (OR=1.96, 95% CI=1.37-2.81, p<0.01). No significant difference was found between NPC cases and controls for alcohol consumption. No significant association was observed between hOGG1 Ser326Cys, ITGA2 C807T, TNF-α -308G>A polymorphisms with NPC risk. Conclusion:None of the aforementioned polymorphisms showed significant association in increasing NPC risk individually.

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Consumption of Salted Fish and Other Risk Factors for Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma (NPC) in Tianjin, a Low-Risk Region for NPC in the People's Republic of China

Cited by 119 publications

References 0 publications

Environmental and dietary risk factors for nasopharyngeal carcinoma: a case-control study in Zangwu County, Guangxi, China

Environmental and dietary risk factors for nasopharyngeal carcinoma: a case-control study in Zangwu County, Guangxi, China

Discovery of recurrent structural variants in nasopharyngeal carcinoma

Association of hOGG1 Ser326Cys, ITGA2 C807T and TNF-A -308G>A Polymorphisms with the Risk of NPC

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