Consumption of Raw Orange, 100% Fresh Orange Juice, and Nectar- Sweetened Orange Juice—Effects on Blood Glucose and Insulin Levels on Healthy Subjects

Abstract

Objective: The aim of this study is to investigate the effect of consumption of raw orange (RO), 100% fresh orange juice (FOJ), and nectar-sweetened orange juice (NSOJ) on postprandial glucose and insulin levels in non-diabetic young Emirati women. Research Methods: This is a prospective, three-way, crossover study design. Blood records of thirteen normal weight and seven healthy obese university students were analyzed from Zayed University on three random days with the following three meal samples: 2 ROs, 100% FOJ, and NSOJ. Venous blood was collected at 0, 30, 60, 90, and 120 minutes after the respective meal consumption. Statistical analyses included repeated measures analysis of variance and calculations of the area under the glucose and insulin curves (AUC) for each one of the meal samples. Results: Total fasting glucose and insulin levels did not differ by treatment in the normal versus obese group. All three meals had no significant effects on the plasma glucose levels. However, there was a significant change in plasma insulin concentrations at 120 min compared with that at 0 min for RO: −14 (−27.05, −0.90, P < 0.001); 100% FOJ −13.7 (−28.80, 1.44, P < 0.001); and NSOJ: −9.2 (−28.75, 10.30, P < 0.001). Conclusions: This study shows that whole fresh fruit, 100% fruit juice, and sweetened fruit juice did not have a significant effect on the blood glucose levels in non-diabetic Emirati university students. However, a significant decrease in insulin response and HOMA-IR on all three sample meals was observed.

Electrochemical non-enzymatic glucose sensors: recent progress and perspectives

“…From the above discussion, it can be seen that the accurate, rapid, simple and real-time measurement of glucose is of great significance to clinical diagnosis, the food industry and other industries. 16,17 The elegant combination of electrochemical techniques and glucose determination brings new paths for glucose concentration determination. In previous literature reports, the electrochemical sensors for glucose are mainly divided into enzyme sensors and enzyme-free sensors.…”

Evaluation of questionnaire as an instrument to measure the level of nutritional and weight gain knowledge in pregnant women in Poland. A pilot study

“…The questionnaire is part of an ongoing nationwide Polish survey designed to provide an overview of the nutritional, weight gain, and physical activity status of pregnant women. The survey is divided in the following sections: nutritional and weight gain knowledge, physical activity knowledge, 3-day food record, validated Polish food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) [34] and, validated Polish version [35] of the pregnancy physical activity questionnaire (PPAQ) [36]. Additionally, the survey also collected demographic information such as age, marital and socioeconomic status, smoking habits, and alcohol consumption.…”

“…what to eat and what not to eat, according to official recommendations for pregnant women. Some of the studies addressed theoretical aspects of knowledge, e.g., dietary sources of particular nutrients and their role during pregnancy or health problems related to inadequate food intake [25,31,33], which microorganisms may cause infections [25,33], details regarding supplementation of micronutrients [31,33] or unsafe foods [25,34]. Therefore, we designed a questionnaire to evaluate nutrition and weight gain knowledge in a population of Polish pregnant women.…”

Is sugar extracted from plants less healthy than sugar consumed within plant tissues? The sugar anomaly

“…Similarly, a more focused study on the effects of raw oranges, orange juice and sweetened orange juice on blood glucose and insulin concentrations from volunteers were carried on by Papandreou et al 32 . They concluded that there was no difference in blood glucose concentration although a greater blood insulin response was generated by the sweetened product.…”