Consumption of raw drugs by the Ayurvedic medicine manufacturing industry in Kerala

Sasidharan, N.; Muraleedharan, P. K.; Sreedhar, Sreekanth

doi:10.54207/bsmps2000-2011-2ee5w1

Cited by 4 publications

(5 citation statements)

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“…54 Coriander and Asparagus are rich in Vitamin K and help in blood clotting so not recommended for consumption along side blood thinners like Warfarin in heart disease patients. 61 There is need to replace the rare, threatened wild medicinal plants with cultivated species for the AYUSH sectoral growth due to the ever-growing demand and species extinction, 62 and biochemistry studies can help here.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Already local Satavari (Asparagus racemosus) is used in Ayurvedic factories in Kerala to substitute the threatened Ashtavarga (eight classes) drugs of Himalayan mountains origin. 62 Ashokarishta is among the top 10 selling Ayurvedic medicines and its quality is also found to be acceptable as per Ayurvedic pharmacopeia standards. [65][66][67] So condemning the so-called adulteration may not help but we need to examine its pharmacological action to standardize and brand it for even exports.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Threatened Ayurvedic Herb (Seeta Ashoka) Substitution Options for Menorrhagia-based on Bioactive Principle’s Molecular Docking Study

Ghate¹,

Kulkarni²,

Deshpande

et al. 2022

IJPI

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Molecular docking studies are used to identify cultivated/ abundant herbs such as Coriander, Burmuda grass or Asparagus as potential replacement for Seeta Ashoka-Saraca asoca (Roxb.) De Wilde, syn. S. indica Linn. a rare Indian medicinal forest plant, threatened with extinction due to over harvest. Its bark is used to make the famous Ayurvedic medicine "Ashokarishta" to treat menorrhagia and as a uterine tonic like ergot but is mostly adulterated. We tested using molecular docking studies Quercetin and other polyphenols from Coriander as potent anti-inflammatory ingredients, similar to NSAID (Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs)., Polyalthia longifolia, the common adulterant is also be noted to be effective as its bark contains 30-50% of tannin than Saraca asoca, so may help in thrombosis.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Threatened Ayurvedic Herb (Seeta Ashoka) Substitution Options for Menorrhagia-based on Bioactive Principle’s Molecular Docking Study

Ghate¹,

Kulkarni²,

Deshpande

et al. 2022

IJPI

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“…The fruiting and flowering phases of these common trees and distinctly observable with the naked eye, lending confidence to community data. The jackfruit tree is evergreen and monoecious with minute, yellowish-green flowers and green fruits with yellow to orange fleshy perianths inside (Kishen, 2005; Sasidharan, 2006). Mango trees have polygamous flowers that are yellowish-green and a fleshy fruit that is green when unripe and yellowish-red when ripe.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Long-term citizen science data reveals environmental controls on tropical tree flowering at the regional scale

Anujan¹,

Mardian²,

Luo³

et al. 2023

Preprint

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Tropical tree reproductive phenology is sensitive to changing climate, but inter-individual and interannual variability at the regional scale is poorly understood. While large-scale and long-term datasets of environmental variables are available, reproductive phenology needs to be measured in-site, limiting the spatiotemporal scales of the data. We leveraged a unique dataset assembled by SeasonWatch, a citizen-science phenology monitoring programme in India to assess the environmental correlates of fruiting and flowering in three ubiquitous and economically important tree species - jackfruit, mango and tamarind - in the south-western Indian state of Kerala. Using 165006 observations spread over 19596 individual trees and over 9 years, and combined temperature and rainfall predictors for the fortnight preceding each observation, accessed using the ERA5-LAND dataset, we modelled the environmental correlates of reproductive phenophases - flower and fruit occurrence - in these species using two statistical approaches - machine learning and generalised linear mixed models. In these complementary approaches, we used a leave-one-year-out approach to cross-validate the model against observations. Models of phenophase presence for all species had higher predictive power than models of phenophase intensity. We found strong influences of multiple temperature and rainfall variables - soil moisture and maximum temperature had high importance values under machine learning models while the number of consecutive dry days also had high effect sizes in the generalised linear mixed models. The effect of time-varying environmental factors like total precipitation and consecutive dry days were also modified by the static predictors like elevation, aspect and urbanisation. Taken together, our results show the pervasive influence of climate on tropical tree reproductive phenology and extent of variability among years and individuals. We also demonstrate the potential and limitations of citizen-science observations in making and testing predictions at scale for predictive climate science in tropical landscapes.

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“…Squirrels were observed using standard binoculars (model-8x40 S, Olympus Global, Tokyo, Japan). The identification of the plant species was done through collected samples and by direct observation using plant identification database (Sasidharan, 1999(Sasidharan, , 2010 Different feeding postures and feeding techniques used by the GGS were interpreted by direct observation during the sampling.…”

Section: Observation Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Feeding ecology of a lesser‐known arboreal giant: Grizzled Giant Squirrel (Ratufa macroura), Southern Western Ghats, India

Thomas,

Šmejkal,

Nameer

2023

Ecology and Evolution

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Animal dietary choices help us understand a species' feeding behaviour and are particularly relevant in conservation management. The aim of this study was to gather knowledge on dietary choices and the foraging behaviour of the Grizzled Giant Squirrel (Ratufa macroura) in Chinnar Wildlife Sanctuary, Southern Western Ghats, Kerala, India. The objectives were in particular to determine the food composition, seasonal fluctuations in food selection and feeding technique. Through an observational sampling method, focal animal sampling, the Grizzled Giant Squirrel in Chinnar Wildlife Sanctuary was found to feed on 30 plant species belonging to 18 families. The most used plant family was Fabaceae, with eight species, followed by Moraceae (four species) and Anacardiaceae (two species). The food species consumed included 22 trees, four climbers, one liana, one paraphyte, one shrub and one succulent species. The squirrel spent the most time feeding on Bauhinia racemosa (19.79%), followed by Tamarindus indica (14.08%) and Nothopegia beddomei (9.89%). The squirrel's diet choice was primarily influenced by the availability of food tree species and food resources rather than the season and nontree species were also found in the diet of Grizzled Giant Squirrel. Although the Grizzled Giant Squirrel exhibits some plasticity in its dietary choices, the available diversity of mature trees and plants as food sources appears to be important for its conservation in the fragmented riparian forest of the Western Ghats in Southern India.

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Consumption of raw drugs by the Ayurvedic medicine manufacturing industry in Kerala

Cited by 4 publications

References 0 publications

Threatened Ayurvedic Herb (Seeta Ashoka) Substitution Options for Menorrhagia-based on Bioactive Principle’s Molecular Docking Study

Threatened Ayurvedic Herb (Seeta Ashoka) Substitution Options for Menorrhagia-based on Bioactive Principle’s Molecular Docking Study

Long-term citizen science data reveals environmental controls on tropical tree flowering at the regional scale

Feeding ecology of a lesser‐known arboreal giant: Grizzled Giant Squirrel (Ratufa macroura), Southern Western Ghats, India

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