Consumption of grapefruit is associated with higher nutrient intakes and diet quality among adults, and more favorable anthropometrics in women, NHANES 2003–2008

Abstract

BackgroundDietary guidance recommends consumption of a nutrient-dense diet containing a variety of fruits. The purpose of this study was to estimate usual nutrient intakes and adequacy of nutrient intakes among adult grapefruit consumers and non-consumers, and to examine associations between grapefruit consumption and select health parameters.MethodsThe analysis was conducted with data collected in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2003–2008. Respondents reporting consumption of any amount of grapefruit or 100% grapefruit juice at least once during the 2 days of dietary recall were classified as grapefruit consumers.ResultsAmong adults aged 19+ years with 2 days of dietary recall (n=12,789), 2.5% of males and 2.7% of females reported consumption of 100% grapefruit juice or fresh, canned, or frozen grapefruit during the recalls. Grapefruit consumers were less likely to have usual intakes of vitamin C (males: 0% vs. 47%; females: 0% vs. 43%; P<0.001) and magnesium (P<0.05) below the estimated average requirement (EAR) compared to non-consumers, and they were more likely to meet adequate intake levels for dietary fiber (P<0.05). Potassium and β-carotene intakes were significantly higher among grapefruit consumers (P<0.001). Diet quality as assessed by the Healthy Eating Index-2005 (HEI-2005) was higher in grapefruit consumers (males: 66.2 [95% CI: 61.0–71.5] vs. 55.4 [95% CI: 54.4–56.4]; females: 71.4 [95% CI: 65.1–77.6] vs. 61.2 [95% CI: 59.8–62.6]). Among women, grapefruit consumption was associated with lower body weight, waist circumference, body mass index (BMI), triglycerides, C-reactive protein (CRP), and higher high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol (P<0.05), However, risk of being overweight/obese was not associated with grapefruit consumption.ConclusionConsumption of grapefruit was associated with higher intakes of vitamin C, magnesium, potassium, dietary fiber, and improved diet quality. Grapefruit may provide a healthful option for adults striving to meet fruit recommendations.

Effects of Grapefruit and Pomegranate Juices on the Pharmacokinetic Properties of Dapoxetine and Midazolam in Healthy Subjects

“…Several in vitro and animal studies have reported that GFJ can significantly augment oral bioavailability and inhibit elimination of drugs that undergo first-pass effect by intestinal CYP3A4 enzyme [7]. This effect of GFJ is especially relevant because more than 20 % of Americans drink it with breakfast, when medications are commonly administered [8]. Since 1993, grapefruit juice-drug interactions have received extensive interest from the scientific, medical, and regulatory communities [9].…”

Canned Vegetable and Fruit Consumption Is Associated with Changes in Nutrient Intake and Higher Diet Quality in Children and Adults: National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2001-2010

“…Noting that most Americans fail to meet DGA recommendations for vegetables and fruits, [9][10][11][12] the Academy encourages food and nutrition practitioners to recommend, along with fresh forms, inclusion of frozen, canned, and dried forms of vegetables and fruits, which have similar nutrient profiles, [13][14][15] but may offer consumers additional benefits with respect to cost, seasonality, storage, and transport. 8,13 Studies have examined associations of whole vegetables and fruits, [16][17][18] individual vegetables and fruits, [19][20][21][22] dried fruits, 23 and 100% fruit juices [24][25] with nutritional or health outcomes. Little is known about the overall effect that consumption of canned vegetables and fruit (CV+CF) has on nutrient intake, dietary quality, and health measures.…”

Effects of Dried Apple Consumption on Body Composition, Serum Lipid Profile, Glucose Regulation, and Inflammatory Markers in Overweight and Obese Children

“…15 Fruit intake has been shown to lower the risk of obesity, improve anthropometric indices, and lower cardiovascular disease (CVD) and metabolic syndrome risk factors. 15,[37][38][39][40] Cross-sectional studies in children have also shown that the consumption of fruit reduces the risk of childhood obesity. 40,41 Dried fruits, in particular, have been shown to produce many health benefits.…”