Consumption of fluid skim milk promotes greater muscle protein accretion after resistance exercise than does consumption of an isonitrogenous and isoenergetic soy-protein beverage

Wilkinson, Sarah B.; Tarnopolsky, Mark A.; MacDonald, Maureen J.; MacDonald, Jay R.; Armstrong, David; Phillips, Stuart M.

doi:10.1093/ajcn/85.4.1031

Cited by 424 publications

(448 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…A consistent finding has been that post-workout protein consumption promotes increments and MPS (9,11,12) , which ultimately sum up to yield muscle hypertrophy. The rise in MPS occurs rapidly following a maximally stimulatory bolus dose of protein (24) being apparent within the first hour after resistance exercise and peaking at 3 h postexercise (9) .…”

Section: Protein Enhances Exercise-induced Rises In Muscle Protein Symentioning

confidence: 61%

“…Empirical support for this thesis has been observed. For example, Wilkinson et al (12) showed a greater acute post-exercise accumulation of muscle protein with milk v. matched soya protein consumption. This acute finding when practised chronically during a 12-week training study resulted in net greater gains in muscle fibre hypertrophy and whole-body lean mass (13) .…”

Section: Protein Enhances Exercise-induced Rises In Muscle Protein Symentioning

confidence: 99%

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The science of muscle hypertrophy: making dietary protein count

Phillips

2010

Proc. Nutr. Soc.

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Growing evidence supports the conclusion that consumption of protein in close temporal proximity to the performance of resistance exercise promotes greater muscular hypertrophy. We can also state with good certainty that merely consuming energy, as carbohydrate for example, is also not sufficient to maximise muscle protein synthesis leading to anabolism and net new muscle protein accretion. Recent work also indicates that certain types of proteins, particular those that are rapidly digested and high in leucine content (i.e. whey protein), appear to be more efficient at stimulating muscle protein synthesis. Continued practice of consumption of these types or proteins after exercise should lead to greater hypertrophy. Reviews of numerous training studies indicate that studies in which milk proteins and principally whey protein show an advantage of these proteins over and above isoenergetic carbohydrate and soya protein in promoting hypertrophy. Thus, the combined evidence suggests a strategic advantage of practising early post-exercise consumption of whey protein or dairy-based protein to promote muscle protein synthesis, net muscle protein accretion and ultimately hypertrophy.

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Section: Protein Enhances Exercise-induced Rises In Muscle Protein Symentioning

confidence: 61%

Section: Protein Enhances Exercise-induced Rises In Muscle Protein Symentioning

confidence: 99%

The science of muscle hypertrophy: making dietary protein count

Phillips

2010

Proc. Nutr. Soc.

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“…In the present study, we provided milk proteins as the source of dietary nitrogen in the postexercise beverages given that they are complete, high-quality proteins that are generally associated with greater muscle remodeling and recovery after exercise in adults (32). For example, studies in adults have revealed that milk and associated dairy-based proteins (especially whey) support greater rates of muscle protein synthesis and net protein balance after exercise compared with plantbased proteins such as soy (38,46), which can ultimately translate into greater training-induced gains in muscle and lean body mass (20,44). The greater anabolic effect of dairy compared with soy protein in adults occurs despite these sources having similarly high [albeit artificially truncated (37)] protein quality ratings according to the protein digestibilitycorrected amino acid score (32).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Postexercise protein ingestion increases whole body net protein balance in healthy children

Moore

Volterman

Obeid

et al. 2014

Journal of Applied Physiology

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Moore DR, Volterman KA, Obeid J, Offord EA, Timmons BW. Postexercise protein ingestion increases whole body net protein balance in healthy children. J Appl Physiol 117: 1493-1501, 2014. First published October 23, 2014 doi:10.1152/japplphysiol.00224.2014.-Postexercise protein ingestion increases whole body and muscle protein anabolism in adults. No study has specifically investigated the combined effects of exercise and protein ingestion on protein metabolism in healthy, physically active children. Under 24-h dietary control, 13 (seven males, six females) active children (ϳ11 yr old; 39.3 Ϯ 5.9 kg) consumed an oral dose of [ 15 N]glycine prior to performing a bout of exercise. Immediately after exercise, participants consumed isoenergetic mixed macronutrient beverages containing a variable amount of protein [0, 0.75, and 1.5 g/100 ml for control (CON), low protein (LP), and high protein (HP), respectively] according to fluid losses. Whole body nitrogen turnover (Q), protein synthesis (S), protein breakdown (B), and protein balance (WBPB) were measured throughout exercise and the early acute recovery period (9 h combined) as well as over 24 h. Postexercise protein intake from the beverage was ϳ0.18 and ϳ0.32 g/kg body mass for LP and HP, respectively. Q, S, and B were significantly greater (main effect time, all P Ͻ 0.001) over 9 h compared with 24 h with no differences between conditions. WBPB was also greater over 9 h compared with 24 h in all conditions (main effect time, P Ͻ 0.001). Over 9 h, WBPB was greater in HP (P Ͻ 0.05) than LP and CON with a trend (P ϭ 0.075) toward LP being greater than CON. WBPB was positive over 9 h for all conditions but only over 24 h for HP. Postexercise protein ingestion acutely increases net protein balance in healthy children early in recovery in a dose-dependent manner with larger protein intakes (ϳ0.32 g/kg) required to sustain a net anabolic environment over an entire 24 h period. protein synthesis; lean body mass; youth; physical activity; protein requirements PHYSICAL ACTIVITY is an essential component for the optimal growth and development of the musculoskeletal system in children. Greater levels of physical activity, especially those which are weight bearing and of higher intensity, have been associated with higher bone mineral density, lean mass, and strength in children (5,18,43). The net gain in lean mass with physical activity would require alterations in whole body protein turnover that would favor the net synthesis of body proteins, or, in other words, protein synthesis would be chronically elevated above protein breakdown.Despite the important role physical activity plays in remodeling lean tissues and enhancing lean body mass, few studies have determined the impact of specific episodes of exercise on protein metabolism in children. Whole body protein metabolism is characterized by the continuous turnover and renewal of body proteins through the simultaneous processes of protein synthesis and protein breakdown. Interestingly, previous research by the Rodriguez l...

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“…However, when comparing the effects of soy with milk, some authors have found that animal protein is better 37,38 . Therefore, the different benefits or effects between animal and vegetable proteins on muscle function recovery should be investigated to better understand whether the tested vegetable protein (pea protein concentrate) could generate the same results as whey protein, since this is the most common protein source added to CHO supplements 1,10,11,14,[18][19][20]22 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Co-ingestion of carbohydrate and pea protein does not enhance muscle recovery after strenuous exercise

et al. 2014

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A B S T R A C T ObjectiveTo assess the influence of carbohydrate and added pea protein concentrate supplementation on muscle recovery after a military operation called Leader's Reaction Test. MethodsTwenty-four soldiers from the Brazilian Army were divided into three equal groups (n=8). They received either carbohydrate (0.8.g/kg body weight/h), carbohydrate+carbohydrate (1.0.g/kg body weight/h), or carbohydrate+protein (0.8 g/kg body weight/h of carbohydrate + 0.2 g/kg body weight/h of protein), immediately, 60, and 120 minutes after the Leader's Reaction Test. Prior, immediately after and 24 hours after the Leader's Reaction Test, maximal isometric strength and body composition were assessed. Blood samples were also collected for later analysis of concentrations of lactate dehydrogenase and creatine kinase. ResultsTwenty-four hours after the Leader's Reaction Test, maximal creatine kinase levels were significantly lower than its levels immediately after (501.00 ± 422.09 versus 275.29 ± 242.08 U/L (carbohydrate); 616.88 ± 291.45

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Consumption of fluid skim milk promotes greater muscle protein accretion after resistance exercise than does consumption of an isonitrogenous and isoenergetic soy-protein beverage

Cited by 424 publications

References 28 publications

The science of muscle hypertrophy: making dietary protein count

The science of muscle hypertrophy: making dietary protein count

Postexercise protein ingestion increases whole body net protein balance in healthy children

Co-ingestion of carbohydrate and pea protein does not enhance muscle recovery after strenuous exercise

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