Consumption of a high-fat meal containing cheese compared with a vegan alternative lowers postprandial C-reactive protein in overweight and obese individuals with metabolic abnormalities: a randomised controlled cross-over study

Abstract

Dietary recommendations suggest decreased consumption of SFA to minimise CVD risk; however, not all foods rich in SFA are equivalent. To evaluate the effects of SFA in a dairy food matrix, as Cheddar cheese, v. SFA from a vegan-alternative test meal on postprandial inflammatory markers, a randomised controlled cross-over trial was conducted in twenty overweight or obese adults with metabolic abnormalities. Individuals consumed two isoenergetic high-fat mixed meals separated by a 1- to 2-week washout period. Serum was collected at baseline, and at 1, 3 and 6 h postprandially and analysed for inflammatory markers (IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, IL-17, IL-18, TNFα, monocyte chemotactic protein-1 (MCP-1)), acute-phase proteins C-reactive protein (CRP) and serum amyloid-A (SAA), cellular adhesion molecules and blood lipids, glucose and insulin. Following both high-fat test meals, postprandial TAG concentrations rose steadily (P < 0·05) without a decrease by 6 h. The incremental AUC (iAUC) for CRP was significantly lower (P < 0·05) in response to the cheese compared with the vegan-alternative test meal. A treatment effect was not observed for any other inflammatory markers; however, for both test meals, multiple markers significantly changed from baseline over the 6 h postprandial period (IL-6, IL-8, IL-18, TNFα, MCP-1, SAA). Saturated fat in the form of a cheese matrix reduced the iAUC for CRP compared with a vegan-alternative test meal during the postprandial 6 h period. The study is registered at clinicaltrials.gov under NCT01803633.

Metabolic status is related to the effects of adding of sacha inchi (Plukenetia volubilis L.) oil on postprandial inflammation and lipid profile: Randomized, crossover clinical trial

“…In agreement with other studies, fasting hs‐CRP levels were similar between groups, but trending toward higher values in the postprandial stage, with higher increases in the MU group. These results are consistent with higher levels of chronic inflammation in subjects with worse metabolic status (Choi, Joseph, & Pilote, ; Demmer et al, ; Shrivastava, Singh, Raizada & Singh, ; Wagmacker, Petto, Silva, Santos, & Ladeia, ) or even first‐degree relatives of ischemic stroke patients (Srilatha, Bobby, Subrahmanyam, & Kumar, ). The adding of SIO did not affect hs‐CRP.…”

The influence of dietary and supplemental calcium on postprandial effects of a high-fat meal on lipaemia, glycaemia, C-reactive protein and adiponectin in obese women

“…However, it is not known whether Ca is able to decrease the hypertriacylglycerolaemia induced by a high-fat meal. The few studies that have evaluated this issue present very different designs particularly regarding the composition of test meals and the amount and source of Ca (24)(25)(26)(27) . One study evaluated both supplemental and dairy Ca (24) , whereas the other three evaluated solely the effects of dairy products (25)(26)(27) .…”

“…The few studies that have evaluated this issue present very different designs particularly regarding the composition of test meals and the amount and source of Ca (24)(25)(26)(27) . One study evaluated both supplemental and dairy Ca (24) , whereas the other three evaluated solely the effects of dairy products (25)(26)(27) . Although the percentage of energy from fat varied widely among the different studies (39-61 %) (24)(25)(26)(27) , in the majority of them the amount of fat was similar in all test meals (24,25,27) .…”

“…One study evaluated both supplemental and dairy Ca (24) , whereas the other three evaluated solely the effects of dairy products (25)(26)(27) . Although the percentage of energy from fat varied widely among the different studies (39-61 %) (24)(25)(26)(27) , in the majority of them the amount of fat was similar in all test meals (24,25,27) . Females were included in only one study that also included men (27) , whereas the others studies included solely men (24)(25)(26) .…”

“…Females were included in only one study that also included men (27) , whereas the others studies included solely men (24)(25)(26) . Almost all studies included only overweight individuals (24,25,27) .…”