Consumption in the Euro Area

The World Economy

“…As is argued by Al-Eyd and Barrell (2006) in this Review, income growth and house prices appear to have made a strong and relatively stable contribution to consumption growth. Job creation has been particularly dynamic since the second half of 2003.…”

“…House prices have been growing at an average of 13 per cent per annum between 2003 and 2005, and are expected to remain on this strong upward trend in the short term. However, as is shown in Al-Eyd, Barrell and Holland (2005) and in Al-Eyd and Barrell (2006) The unemployment rate fell below the critical 10 per cent level in the third quarter of 2005 and is forecast to decline further from 2006 onwards. This reduction results from a mix of government measures aimed at boosting job creation and of pressure on job-seekers receiving unemployment benefits to accept valid job offers.…”

Determinants and Relationships in Sectoral Trade: A Bilateral Model for Knitwear Clothing

“…To meet this challenge, we take US personal disposable income (DPI) as a proxy instead of GDP (Hafiz, Hanafiah, Fauzi, Harun, & Jamaluddin, ). It is more appropriate also as consumption decisions depend on real disposable income in the short run and on wealth accumulation in the long run (Al‐Eyd, Barrell, & Holland, ).…”

The euro and prospects for growth in Europe

“…4 set out some of the issues associated with analysing borrowing costs during financial crises, and these are expanded on in in this Review. 5 Aviat et al (2007) and Al-Eyd and Barrell (2006)…”

“…4 set out some of the issues associated with analysing borrowing costs during financial crises, and these are expanded on in in this Review. 5 Aviat et al (2007) and Al-Eyd and Barrell (2006) Barrell, Holland, Liadze and Pomerantz (2007) discuss fiscal multipliers in Europe, and show that they are smaller the more open the economy, and that they have been declining over time.…”