Consumo de almendro de playa (Terminalia catappa) y uso de hojas como herramienta por parte del ave Ara ambiguus (Psittaciformes: Psittacidae) en Costa Rica

Villegas-Retana, Sergio A.; Araya-H., David

doi:10.22458/urj.v9i2.1894

Cited by 5 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 5 publications

(2 reference statements)

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“…BT consume more fruits than seeds [21,26,30,31] and not only do they rely on the presence of motacú palms to survive, but their alternative food sources also appear to be other species of palms (e.g., Acrocomia aculeata, and Mauritia fleuxosa) [21,26,30,31]. In contrast, GG feed more on seeds and nuts than fruit [22], and despite showing a preference for feeding in almendro trees (Dipteryx oleifera) and beach almond trees (Terminalia catappa) during their respective fruiting seasons, they otherwise feed on a wide variety of plant species, such as titor trees (e.g., Sacoglottis trichogyna), and quaruba (e.g., Vochysia ferruginea), to name a few (see food list in Humedal Maquenque Anexo #2, also see [22,25,[32][33][34]. Such variation in diet composition between the two species may also be related to differing energetic requirements in relation to their body size [28].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tracking Changes of Hidden Food: Spatial Pattern Learning in Two Macaw Species

Chow

Davies

Bapat

et al. 2021

Birds

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Food availability may vary spatially and temporally within an environment. Efficiency in locating alternative food sources using spatial information (e.g., distribution patterns) may vary according to a species’ diet and habitat specialisation. Hypothetically, more generalist species would learn faster than more specialist species due to being more explorative when changes occur. We tested this hypothesis in two closely related macaw species, differing in their degree of diet and habitat specialisation; the more generalist Great Green Macaw and the more specialist Blue-throated Macaw. We examined their spatial pattern learning performance under predictable temporal and spatial change, using a ‘poke box’ that contained hidden food placed within wells. Each week, the rewarded wells formed two patterns (A and B), which were changed on a mid-week schedule. We found that the two patterns varied in their difficulty. We also found that the more generalist Great Green Macaws took fewer trials to learn the easier pattern and made more mean correct responses in the difficult pattern than the more specialist Blue-throated Macaws, thus supporting our hypothesis. The better learning performance of the Great Green Macaws may be explained by more exploration and trading-off accuracy for speed. These results suggest how variation in diet and habitat specialisation may relate to a species’ ability to adapt to spatial variation in food availability.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tracking Changes of Hidden Food: Spatial Pattern Learning in Two Macaw Species

Chow

Davies

Bapat

et al. 2021

Birds

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“…Vasa parrots (Coracopsis vasa) are able to use stones to scrape shells in order to obtain calcium powder for consumption (Lambert et al, 2015). Both hyacinth macaws (Anodorhynchus hyacinthinus) and great green macaws (Ara ambiguus) have been observed wrapping certain nuts with leaves, which was interpreted as a method to grip the nuts better (Borsari & Ottoni, 2005) or perhaps to avoid the bitter taste of certain piths in their outer layers (Villegas-Retana & Araya-H., 2017). Palm cockatoos' (Probosciger aterrimus) use sticks as part of their mating display, drumming them against hollow trees (Heinsohn et al, 2017;Wood, 1984).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Innovative problem solving in macaws

O'Neill

Rasyidi

Hastings³

et al. 2020

Learn Behav

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Behavioural innovations with tool-like objects in non-habitually tool-using species are thought to require complex physical understanding, but the underlying cognitive processes remain poorly understood. A few parrot species are capable of innovating tool-use and borderline tool-use behaviours. We tested this capacity in two species of macaw (Ara ambiguus, n = 9; Ara glaucogularis, n = 8) to investigate if they could solve a problem-solving task through manufacture of a multi-stone construction. Specifically, after having functional experience with a pre-inserted stick tool to push a reward out of a horizontal tube, the subjects were required to insert five stones consecutively from one side to perform the same function as the stick tool with the resulting multi-component construction. One Ara glaucogularis solved the task and innovated the stone construction after the experience with the stick tool. Two more subjects (one of each species) did so after having further functional experience of a single stone pushing a reward out of a shortened tube. These subjects were able to consistently solve the task, but often made errors, for example counter-productive stone insertions from the opposing end, even in some of the successful trials. Conversely, multiple trials without errors also suggested a strong goal direction. Their performance in the follow-up tasks was inconclusive since they sometimes inserted stones into un-baited or blocked ‘dummy tubes’, but this could have been an attention-deficit behaviour as subjects had not encountered these ‘dummy tubes’ before. Overall, the successful subjects’ performance was so erratic that it proved difficult to conclude whether they had functional understanding of their multi-stone constructions.

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“…A notable example of their technical competence is their ability to use tools in captivity. In the wild, there are just a few examples of parrots using tools (Goodman et al, 2018;Heinsohn et al, 2017; Osuna-Mascaró and Auersperg, 2018;Villegas-Retana and Araya-H., 2017;Wood, 1984), but in captivity two species, kea (Nestor notabalis) and Goffin's cockatoos (Cacatua goffiniana), have been shown to innovate stick tool use in problem-solving situations Auersperg et al, 2012). The tool use innovation reported from Goffin's cockatoos was particularly remarkable as one individual even innovated the manufacture of a tool.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Causal Understanding of the Stone Dropping Task in Two Species of Macaw

O'Neill

Picaud²,

Hastings³

et al. 2020

Preprint

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Causal understanding in animal cognition can be divided into two broad categories (Woodward, 2011): learned associations between cause and effect (Le Pelley et al., 2017) and understanding based on underlying mechanisms (Johnson and Ahn, 2017). One experiment that gives insight to animals’ use of causal mechanisms is the stone-dropping task. In this, subjects are given an opportunity to push a platform to make it collapse and are then required to innovate dropping a stone tool to recreate the platform collapsing (von Bayern et al., 2009). We describe how 16/18 subjects of two species of macaw (n=18; Ara ambiguus (n=9) & Ara glaucogularis (n=9)) were able to innovate the solution in this task. Many of the subjects were able to innovate the behaviour through exploratory object combination, but it is also possible that a mechanistic understanding of the necessity for contact with the platform influenced some subjects’ behaviour. All the successful subjects were able to recreate their novel stone-dropping behaviour in the first or second trial after innovation (and all trials thereafter) and they were also able to do the behaviour increasingly faster. This suggests they also rely on learned associations of cause and effect. However, in a transfer task in which subjects had to guide a stick tool to make it touch a differently positioned platform, all but one of the subjects failed. This would suggest that the majority of the subjects were not using an understanding of platform contact to solve the task, although the subjects’ difficulty with using stick tools may have also affected their performance in this transfer.

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Consumo de almendro de playa (Terminalia catappa) y uso de hojas como herramienta por parte del ave Ara ambiguus (Psittaciformes: Psittacidae) en Costa Rica

Cited by 5 publications

References 5 publications

Tracking Changes of Hidden Food: Spatial Pattern Learning in Two Macaw Species

Tracking Changes of Hidden Food: Spatial Pattern Learning in Two Macaw Species

Innovative problem solving in macaws

Causal Understanding of the Stone Dropping Task in Two Species of Macaw

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