“Consumer Terroists”: Battles over Agricultural Antibiotics in the United States and Western Europe

Finlay, A.Y.; Marcús,

doi:10.3098/ah.2016.090.2.146

Cited by 9 publications

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“…Still, the combination of antibiotics has likely shown efficacy by controlling other resident bacteria that might be crucial to the survival of the worms. However, the use of antibiotics to control parasites might not look feasible given the big push to avoid the use of antibiotics in certain parts of the world [31].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bacteria Associated with the Parasitic Nematode Haemonchus contortus and Its Control Using Antibiotics

2022

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Internal parasitism, a significant cause of production losses in sheep, is routinely controlled by anthelmintic drenches. A better understanding and alternative control strategies are needed to combat the increasing resistance. This study investigated the presence of resident bacteria in the field strain of Haemonchus contortus. Adult female worms were collected from the abomasa of sheep. DNA was extracted from adult female worms and parasite eggs laid in vitro using long or shorter enzymatic incubation methods. Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) was performed using universal bacterial and phylum Firmicutes-specific primers; PCR products were cloned and sequenced. The analysis of the sequences shows a majority of the sequences belong to rumen bacteria, mainly Ruminococcus. Streptococcus was detected in four eggs, and adult worm samples and the sequences had a very high homology to the Streptococcus sequences in the database. Clostridium was detected only in the adult samples, whereas Nevskia and Pseudomonas were detected only in the egg samples. Three antibiotics, Ampicillin (Amp), Gentamycin (Gen) and Tetracycline (Tet), individually or combination, were tested to establish proof of concept that abomasal nematode parasites can be controlled by killing the resident bacteria. A larval migration inhibition assay was used to test the hypothesis. Tet (10 and 20 mM) resulted in around 30% mortality in larvae. Amp and Gen did not result in significant levels of larval mortality but, when given in combination, resulted in significant mortality of the larvae, suggesting the role of antibiotics in controlling the parasites by targeting the resident bacteria.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bacteria Associated with the Parasitic Nematode Haemonchus contortus and Its Control Using Antibiotics

2022

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“…With scientists appearing divided, Congress effectively imposed a moratorium on statutory AGP restrictions by calling for more research in 1979. Six years later, a National Resources Defence Council petition to ban AGPs suffered a similar fate (Finlay and Marcus, 2016;Kirchhelle, 2019).…”

Section: Expansionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Investigating antibiotic fermentation wastes as an alternative source of expensive vitamin B 12 feed supplements, researchers at American Cyanamid's Lederle Laboratories found that unextracted antibiotic residues were capable of increasing animals' weight gains. Feeding low-dosed antibiotic growth promoters (AGPs) was also believed to prophylactically protect against bacterial disease (Finlay, 2004;Bud, 2009;Finlay and Marcus, 2016). Following the announcement of the antibiotic growth effect in late 1949, Lederle sales boomed.…”

Section: Originsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Pharming animals: a global history of antibiotics in food production (1935–2017)

2018

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Since their advent during the 1930s, antibiotics have not only had a dramatic impact on human medicine, but also on food production. On farms, whaling and fishing fleets as well as in processing plants and aquaculture operations, antibiotics were used to treat and prevent disease, increase feed conversion, and preserve food. Their rapid diffusion into nearly all areas of food production and processing was initially viewed as a story of progress on both sides of the Iron Curtain. However, from the mid-1950s onwards, agricultural antibiotic use also triggered increasing conflicts about drug residues and antimicrobial resistance (AMR). Significantly, antibiotic concerns did not develop evenly but instead gave rise to an international patchwork of different regulatory approaches. During a time of growing concerns about AMR and a post-antibiotic age, this article reconstructs the origins, global proliferation, and international regulation of agricultural antibiotics. It argues that policymakers need to remember the long history of regulatory failures that has resulted in current antibiotic infrastructures. For effective international stewardship to develop, it is necessary to address the economic dependencies, deep-rooted notions of development, and fragmented cultural understandings of risk, which all contribute to drive global antibiotic consumption and AMR.

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“…In terms of individual lives, chicken meat production dwarfs all other land animal production industries, with almost 69 billion chickens slaughtered around the world in 2018 alone (FAO, 2020a). Like other animal-based production systems, chicken meat production has been heavily contested since the mid-1950s (Godley & Williams, 2010) on account of the pervasive contamination of its output with foodborne pathogens (Boyd, 2001;Cogan & Humphrey, 2003;Didier et al, 2021;Meldrum & Wilson, 2007;Strachan & Forbes, 2010;Van Asselt et al, 2018;Wilson et al, 2008;Yeung & Yee, 2003), an issue linked to and exacerbated by the increase in antibiotic resistance in bacteria attributed to the (ab)use of antibiotics in animal agriculture (Bowman et al, 2016;Economou & Gousia, 2015;Finlay & Marcus, 2016;Graham et al, 2009;Morris et al, 2016;Rohr et al, 2019;Roth et al, 2019). The recurring outbreaks of avian influenza illustrate the complex interlinkages between ecological processes, environmental disruption and climate change, industrial poultry farms, and agricultural practices that have been linked to an increase in the emergence of infectious diseases of zoonotic origin more generally (Connolly, 2017;Gilbert et al, 2017;Rohr et al, 2019).…”

Section: Problem Statementmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mind the gap : Newspapers as a forum for democratic public debate on food production

Ortiz

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Chapter 1| General introduction 1. Introduction 1.1. Problem statement 2. Theoretical background 2.1. A set of normative expectations for news media 2.2. Conceptualising the role of media in democratic public debate 2.3. Framing as analytical tool 2.4. The conceptual framework 3. Methodological approach and thesis outline 3.1. Research design 3.2. Data collection and analysis 3.3. Outline of the thesis Chapter 2 | The chick diffusion: How newspapers fail to meet normative expectations regarding their democratic role in public debate Abstract 1. Introduction 2. Literature review 2.1. Conceptualising newspapers as a forum for public debate 2.2. Normative expectations of newspapers 2.3. Between structural and actor-oriented approaches 2.4. Framing as tool for the analysis of public debate 3. Methods 3.1. Case selection 3.2. Data collection 3.3. Operationalisation of analytical framework 3.4. Framing analysis 4. Results 4.1. Frequency and distribution of issues 4.2. Co-occurrence of issues 4.3. Systemic contestation 4.4. Structural problematization 4.5. Structural shift 5. Discussion Chapter 3 | Something wicked this way comes: How well did UK newspapers support the public debate of Avian Influenza as a wicked problem? Abstract 1. Introduction 2. Background 2.1. Avian flu as a wicked problem 2.2. Framing 2.3. Expectations 3. Materials and methods 3.1. Data collection and curation 3.2. Framing analysis 3.3. Operationalisation of expectations 4. Results 4.1. Expectation 1: Connecting the dots 4.2. Expectation 2: Systemic contestation 4.3. Expectation 3: Structural problematisation 4.4. Expectation 4: Coverage that supports an opening up of the public debate 5. Discussion Chapter 4 | Not liable: How newspapers fail to provide the foundations needed to support a forum for accountability Abstract 1 12 1 "Revealed: the dirty secret of the UK's poultry industry. " The Guardian. July 23, 2014.

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“Consumer Terroists”: Battles over Agricultural Antibiotics in the United States and Western Europe

Cited by 9 publications

References 0 publications

Bacteria Associated with the Parasitic Nematode Haemonchus contortus and Its Control Using Antibiotics

Bacteria Associated with the Parasitic Nematode Haemonchus contortus and Its Control Using Antibiotics

Pharming animals: a global history of antibiotics in food production (1935–2017)

Mind the gap : Newspapers as a forum for democratic public debate on food production

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