Consumer-friendly food allergen detection: moving towards smartphone-based immunoassays

Ross, G.M.S.; Bremer, M.G.E.G.; Nielen, Michel W. F.

doi:10.1007/s00216-018-0989-7

Cited by 78 publications

(53 citation statements)

References 135 publications

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“…Therefore, it is imperative to engage the public with their own food allergen analysis by developing consumer-friendly detection methods [9,10]. The cornerstones to consumer-friendly allergen detection are speed, sensitivity, ease-of-use, affordability, portability, multiplexing capability and a simple read-out system.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Critical Comparison between Flow-through and Lateral Flow Immunoassay Formats for Visual and Smartphone-Based Multiplex Allergen Detection

2019

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(1) Background: The lack of globally standardized allergen labeling legislation necessitates consumer-focused multiplexed testing devices. These should be easy to operate, fast, sensitive and robust. (2) Methods: Herein, we describe the development of three different formats for multiplexed food allergen detection, namely active and passive flow-through assays, and lateral flow immunoassays with different test line configurations. (3) Results: The fastest assay time was 1 min, whereas even the slowest assay was within 10 min. With the passive flow approach, the limits of detection (LOD) of 0.1 and 0.5 ppm for total hazelnut protein (THP) and total peanut protein (TPP) in spiked buffer were reached, or 1 and 5 ppm of THP and TPP spiked into matrix. In comparison, the active flow approach reached LODs of 0.05 ppm for both analytes in buffer and 0.5 and 1 ppm of THP and TPP spiked into matrix. The optimized LFIA configuration reached LODs of 0.1 and 0.5 ppm of THP and TPP spiked into buffer or 0.5 ppm for both analytes spiked into matrix. The optimized LFIA was validated by testing in 20 different blank and spiked matrices. Using device-independent color space for smartphone analysis, two different smartphone models were used for the analysis of optimized assays.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Critical Comparison between Flow-through and Lateral Flow Immunoassay Formats for Visual and Smartphone-Based Multiplex Allergen Detection

2019

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“…Due to the fact allergens can be cross-reactive, the development of multiplexed strategies able to simultaneously detect different biomarkers is in high demand. These strategies can provide more and more reliable information with a single sample, saving time and money and giving confidence to the consumers that their food does not contain any undesired component derived from different sources or from the same source [4,53]. In this context, the immunoplatforms developed by Lee [21] and Pingarrón [43] groups for the simultaneous determination of 5 relevant allergens and 3 immunoglobulins of animal origin, respectively, are noteworthy.…”

Section: Electrochemical Immunosensing Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cutting-Edge Advances in Electrochemical Affinity Biosensing at Different Molecular Level of Emerging Food Allergens and Adulterants

et al. 2020

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The presence of allergens and adulterants in food, which represents a real threat to sensitized people and a loss of consumer confidence, is one of the main current problems facing society. The detection of allergens and adulterants in food, mainly at the genetic level (characteristic fragments of genes that encode their expression) or at functional level (protein biomarkers) is a complex task due to the natural interference of the matrix and the low concentration at which they are present. Methods for the analysis of allergens are mainly divided into immunological and deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA)-based assays. In recent years, electrochemical affinity biosensors, including immunosensors and biosensors based on synthetic sequences of DNA or ribonucleic acid (RNA), linear, aptameric, peptide or switch-based probes, are gaining special importance in this field because they have proved to be competitive with the methods commonly used in terms of simplicity, test time and applicability in different environments. These unique features make them highly promising analytical tools for routine determination of allergens and food adulterations at the point of care. This review article discusses the most significant trends and developments in electrochemical affinity biosensing in this field over the past two years as well as the challenges and future prospects for this technology.

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“…Different β-LG concentrations ranging from 0.10 to 10.0 ng·mL −1 were analyzed. The current peak intensity resulted to be directly proportional to β-LG concentration, so the experimental data were fitted with a linear relationship in the range studied, in accordance with the following equation: The current peak intensity resulted to be directly proportional to β-LG concentration, so the experimental data were fitted with a linear relationship in the range studied, in accordance with the following equation: i ox (µA) = 0.2237 (µA·mL·ng −1 )·[β-LG] (ng·mL −1 ) + 0.4106 (µA) R 2 = 0.997 (2) Sensors 2020, 20, 2349 9 of 13 A limit of detection (LOD), calculated as three times the standard deviation of the intercept divided by the slope, was found to be 0.09 ng·mL −1 . This LOD is below the threshold established for proteins in cow's milk [8,62] so it would be very suitable for the determination of trace concentrations in food in order to avoid undesired reactions in allergenic patients.…”

Section: β-Lactoglobulin Detection In Standard Solutionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Nowadays, allergy to food is a very important global health problem, thus an emerging topic when talking about food safety [1,2]. Allergy to food has been recently defined by the European Academy of Allergology and Clinical Immunology [3] and it involves an immune reaction deriving from the intake or other type of interaction with specific food [4,5].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Folding-Based Electrochemical Aptasensor for the Determination of β-Lactoglobulin on Poly-L-Lysine Modified Graphite Electrodes

Amor-Gutiérrez

Selvolini

Fernández‐Abedul

et al. 2020

Sensors

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Nowadays, food allergy is a very important health issue, causing adverse reactions of the immune system when exposed to different allergens present in food. Because of this, the development of point-of-use devices using miniaturized, user-friendly, and low-cost instrumentation has become of outstanding importance. According to this, electrochemical aptasensors have been demonstrated as useful tools to quantify a broad variety of targets. In this work, we develop a simple methodology for the determination of β-lactoglobulin (β-LG) in food samples using a folding-based electrochemical aptasensor built on poly-L-lysine modified graphite screen-printed electrodes (GSPEs) and an anti-β-lactoglobulin aptamer tagged with methylene blue (MB). This aptamer changes its conformation when the sample contains β-LG, and due to this, the spacing between MB and the electrode surface (and therefore the electron transfer efficiency) also changes. The response of this biosensor was linear for concentrations of β-LG within the range 0.1-10 ng·mL −1 , with a limit of detection of 0.09 ng·mL −1 . The biosensor was satisfactorily employed for the determination of spiked β-LG in real food samples.incidence of the most popular food allergies throughout Europe [13] revealed that allergy to cow's milk is, nowadays, the most frequent food allergy, especially in early-age children, implying a percentage of around 6% in the youngest population [14,15]. Immunoglobulin E (IgE) normally mediates cow's milk allergy, and the symptoms usually occur within 2 h after milk intake [16]. In whey from cow's milk, one of the most important proteins considered to be an allergen is β-lactoglobulin (β-LG), which is classified within the lipocalins, a group of binding proteins with small ligands [17]. Its quaternary structure, identified in 1997 using X-Ray diffraction [18], is dependent on the pH. For example, at pH values between 5.2 and 7.0, it is a dimer, and its molecular weight (MW) is around 37 kDa. However, at pH values over 8.0, it exists as a monomer, and its MW is approximately 18 kDa [19]. This protein has a great potential as milk allergen because it is remarkably stable and it is not present in human milk [20], and, apart from that, it is regularly used as an additive in lots of food products [21].The development of analytical approaches used to detect and quantify food allergens has become increasingly significant [22] because labeling in food is crucial for the consumers, in order to prevent major health problems. The analysis of allergens in food samples [23] is usually carried out by immunoassay-based approaches, such as enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs) [11,14,24] or lateral-flow immunoassays (LFIAs) [25,26], as well as DNA-based methods, which detect the genes encoding for the proteins using amplifying methods, for instance, the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) [27,28]. Proteomic tests have been also used for the determination of allergens [29]. Although these methods are very sensitive, they are time-consuming and the instrumenta...

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Consumer-friendly food allergen detection: moving towards smartphone-based immunoassays

Cited by 78 publications

References 135 publications

A Critical Comparison between Flow-through and Lateral Flow Immunoassay Formats for Visual and Smartphone-Based Multiplex Allergen Detection

A Critical Comparison between Flow-through and Lateral Flow Immunoassay Formats for Visual and Smartphone-Based Multiplex Allergen Detection

Cutting-Edge Advances in Electrochemical Affinity Biosensing at Different Molecular Level of Emerging Food Allergens and Adulterants

Folding-Based Electrochemical Aptasensor for the Determination of β-Lactoglobulin on Poly-L-Lysine Modified Graphite Electrodes

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