Consumer Discrimination and Self-Employment

Borjas, George J.; Bronars, Stephen G.

doi:10.1086/261617

Cited by 329 publications

(113 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…Non-Muslim employees may have reduced their cooperation with Arab and Muslim coworkers, which may have harmed employee productivity, particularly that of Arabs and Muslims. Finally, customer prejudice may have lowered the productivity of Arab and Muslim employees in occupations with direct customer contact (for example, retail, self-employment), if customers shied away from doing business where they had to interact with an Arab or Muslim person (Borjas and Bronars 1989;Nardinelli and Simon 1990). In sum, greater prejudice toward Arab and Muslim persons may have resulted in a decrease in the demand for Arab and Muslim labor, which would have lowered their wages and may have reduced their employment (or hours) depending on the elasticity of supply of labor.…”

Section: Theoretical Considerationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Labor Market Effects of September 11^thon Arab and Muslim Residents of the United States

Kaushal¹,

Kaestner²,

Reimers³

2007

J. Human Resources

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a b s t r a c tWe investigated whether the September 11, 2001 terrorists' attacks had any effect on employment, earnings, and residential mobility of first-and second-generation Arab and Muslim men in the United States. We find that September 11 th did not significantly affect employment and hours of work of Arab and Muslim men, but was associated with a 9-11 percent decline in their real wage and weekly earnings, with some evidence that this decline was temporary. The adverse earnings effects were strongly linked to hate crime incidence. Estimates also suggest that the terrorists' attacks reduced intrastate migration of Arab and Muslim men.

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Section: Theoretical Considerationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Labor Market Effects of September 11^thon Arab and Muslim Residents of the United States

Kaushal¹,

Kaestner²,

Reimers³

2007

J. Human Resources

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“… 7 For similar arguments about self-selection and discrimination in other contexts, see Longhofer and Peters, 2005 (credit markets); and Borjas & Bronars, 1989 (self-employment). …”

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confidence: 99%

Race, Self-Selection, and the Job Search Process

Pager

Pedulla²

2015

American Journal of Sociology

105

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While existing research has documented persistent barriers facing African American job seekers, far less research has questioned how job seekers respond to this reality. Do minorities self-select into particular segments of the labor market to avoid discrimination? Such questions have remained unanswered due to the lack of data available on the positions to which job seekers apply. Drawing on two original datasets with application-specific information, we find little evidence that blacks target or avoid particular job types. Rather, blacks cast a wider net in their search than similarly situated whites, including a greater range of occupational categories and characteristics in their pool of job applications. Finally, we show that perceptions of discrimination are associated with increased search breadth, suggesting that broad search among African Americans represents an adaptation to labor market discrimination. Together these findings provide novel evidence on the role of race and self-selection in the job search process.

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“…By 2006, according to a survey data, study education of rural labor force selfemployment have a positive impact [6], while Lazear also found that people who have multiple jobs and education background than people who work in the single or professional are more likely to become entrepreneurs themselves [7], Borjas study found that high degree of education of the individual than the low degree of education of individuals are more likely to enter self-employment activities [8].…”

Section: Personal Characteristicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Literature Review about the Influence Factors of Self-Employment

Wan¹

2017

AJIBM

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The laborer's employment form can be subdivided into wage-employment, self-employment and unemployment. Self-employment can also be called entrepreneurship, in response to the statement "Public entrepreneurship, Peoples innovation" put forward by the prime minister Li Keqiang. In recent years, self-employment has been attracting more and more attention of researchers, and becomes the research hot spot problem. Self-employment plays an important role in reducing poverty, fostering innovation, developing entrepreneurial economy, promoting economic growth, expanding employment, improving the quality of employment, cultural exchange, taxation and self-efficacy. This paper first analyzes the current situation of self-employment, and then summarizes the significance of self-employment by searching relevant literatures. At the same time, it reviews the relevant literatures at home and abroad, summarizes the research on influential factors of self-employment. The status of self-employment clarifies the factors affecting self-employment. Finally, it points out the shortcomings of the current study, and looks forward to the future trend of research.

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Consumer Discrimination and Self-Employment

Abstract: Census data, we find that observed differences in the self-employment income distributions are consistent with the theoretical predictions.

Cited by 329 publications

References 5 publications

Labor Market Effects of September 11^thon Arab and Muslim Residents of the United States

Labor Market Effects of September 11^thon Arab and Muslim Residents of the United States

Race, Self-Selection, and the Job Search Process

Literature Review about the Influence Factors of Self-Employment

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Consumer Discrimination and Self-Employment

Abstract: Census data, we find that observed differences in the self-employment income distributions are consistent with the theoretical predictions.

Cited by 329 publications

References 5 publications

Labor Market Effects of September 11thon Arab and Muslim Residents of the United States

Labor Market Effects of September 11thon Arab and Muslim Residents of the United States

Race, Self-Selection, and the Job Search Process

Literature Review about the Influence Factors of Self-Employment

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About

Labor Market Effects of September 11^thon Arab and Muslim Residents of the United States

Labor Market Effects of September 11^thon Arab and Muslim Residents of the United States