Constructive Approaches Toward Water Treatment Works Sludge Management: An International Review of Beneficial Reuses

Babatunde, Akintunde; Zhao, Yaqian

doi:10.1080/10643380600776239

Cited by 392 publications

(278 citation statements)

References 74 publications

(88 reference statements)

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“…The mineralogical and organic matter compositions of these materials are determined by the source of the water/ wastewater from which they were derived, types and extents of treatment processes employed, amounts of ions, suspended solids and colloidal materials removed and the types of chemicals added for the treatment and dewatering processes. For instance, the three most abundant compounds in alum WTR material are >30 wt% silica, 10-56 wt% aluminium oxide and approximately 5 wt% iron (III) oxide (Babatunde and Zhao, 2007;Ippolito et al, 2011;Komlos et al, 2013;Watanabe et al, 2011), whereas for iron WTR material, the three most abundant compounds present are >30 wt% iron (III) oxide, 10-20 wt% aluminium oxide and a varying amount of silica (Babatunde and Zhao, 2007;Ippolito et al, 2011). These differences in mineralogy and chemical compositions greatly influence the physical and geotechnical characteristics of the material produced.…”

Section: Physical Geotechnical Index and Compaction Propertiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Geotechnics of municipal sludges and residues for landfilling

O’Kelly

2016

Geotechnical Research

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This paper presents a comprehensive review of reported field and laboratory investigations and theoretical work concerning the geotechnical behaviour/properties of water treatment residue (WTR), biosolids and sewage sludge materials, which are by-products of municipal water and wastewater treatment processes. After describing the backgrounds to the generation of these materials and various disposal options (with a focus on landfilling), including associated geotechnical issues, their physical, geotechnical index, compaction, undrained strength and effective-stress strength properties are described, including the effects of oxidation, biodegradation and viscous gellike pore fluid for biosolids/sewage sludge material. Characteristic compressibility, consolidation and permeability behaviour/properties are also presented for these materials and linked with microstructure and the chemicals added during the treatment processes. The paper then focuses on various geotechnical issues pertinent to landfill (monofill) disposal of these materials, including undrained strength requirements, design strength, on-site and laboratory strength measurements and water content-strength correlations. Since such correlations are material specific, with the geotechnical properties of biosolids, sewage sludge and WTR materials varying between water/wastewater treatment plants, they cannot be applied more widely with confidence. Alternative approaches to predicting undrained strength are described, including a power-law strength relationship with water content, which can be applied more generally. , 2008a). The type and amount of chemicals added depends on the nature of the source water, but primarily on its turbidity and hardness. The coagulants cause the colloidal particles present to aggregate into flocs (with the polyelectrolyte also acting as a binding agent to increase their inherent shear strength) that are more readily separated out by settling processes, removing not only the impurities but also the chemical additives. NotationThe residue so formed is categorised as aluminium sulfate (alum) or iron WTR material depending on the coagulant salt, with the former being the most widely used coagulant in the water treatment industry. Lime-softening sludge, composed of typically 80-95 wt% calcite (Raghu and Hsieh, 1986), is the result of softening hard water before its distribution as drinking water.Biosolids and sewage sludge materials are highly organic residue by-products of municipal waste water treatment, with the organic fraction originating principally from human faeces (primary sludge) and bacterial biomass (secondary sludge) and the inorganic fraction derived from materials such as soil, sediment and inorganic residuals (Haynes et al., 2009). According to the US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) (2015), sewage sludge refers to the solids separated out during the treatment processes, whereas biosolids refers to treated sewage sludge material that meets regulatory pollutant-and pathogen-control requirements for land applica...

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Section: Physical Geotechnical Index and Compaction Propertiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Geotechnics of municipal sludges and residues for landfilling

O’Kelly

2016

Geotechnical Research

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“…Hence, although this example is for the conditions at Ringsjö WTP, the argument for a better local environmental impact is valid at many localities, if substituting the conventional chemical treatment with a filtration step by HFNF. Research on reuse of sludge from WTPs has gained its share of attention [41], and although possible reuses have been found, such as phosphorous removal [42], the proportion that can be used is small, and there is still the issue of creating waste, but in a new form. Hence, from a sustainability perspective, a decreased or eradicated concentration of metals in the sludge from the WTPs would be the best option.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Feasibility Study of Advanced NOM-Reduction by Hollow Fiber Ultrafiltration and Nanofiltration at a Swedish Surface Water Treatment Plant

Lidén

Persson

2016

Water

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Abstract:Membrane technology, i.e., ultrafiltration and nanofiltration, is growing in popularity, as it is a space efficient alternative for surface water treatment. Two types of hollow fiber membranes were tested in a fully equipped and automated pilot at a Swedish water treatment plant. Raw water was treated by a nanofilter and by coagulation before an ultrafilter. Operation parameters recorded during these trials have been the basis for cost estimations and assessments of environmental impact, comparing the two membrane modules to the existing conventional treatment. The membranes required lower chemical consumption, but led to increased costs from membrane modules and a higher energy demand. Compared to the existing treatment (0.33 €/m 3 ), the operational costs were estimated to increase 6% for ultrafiltration and 30% for nanofiltration. Considering the low emissions from Nordic energy production, the membrane processes would lower the environmental impact, including factors such as climate and ecosystem health. Greenhouse gas emissions would decrease from 161 g CO 2 -eq/m 3 of the existing process, to 127 g CO 2 -eq/m 3 or 83 g CO 2 -eq/m 3 for ultrafiltration and nanofiltration, respectively. Lower chemical consumption and less pollution from the sludge leaving the water treatment plant lead to lower impacts on the environment.

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“…gives it a highly reactive surface and a strong affinity for P. [4,5] On the other hand, an innovative approach of "tidal flow" operation regime has demonstrated the improved ability of constructed wetland (CW) system to enhance oxygen transfer and consequently enhance the biological process for the removal of pollutants including SRP from wastewater. [6,7] P uptake by macrophytes in constructed wetland is usually highest during the beginning of growing season before maximum growth is attained.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

STELLA software as a tool for modelling phosphorus removal in a constructed wetland employing dewatered alum sludge as main substrate

Kumar¹,

Wang²,

Ying³

et al. 2011

Journal of Environmental Science and Health, Part A

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Item record/more informationThe model results revealed that up to 72% of the SRP can be removed through adsorption process whereas the uptake by plants is about 20% and the remaining processes such as microbial P utilization and decomposition, accounted for 7% SRP removal based on the mass balance calculations. The results obtained indicate that the model can be used to simulate outflow SRP concentration, and it can also be used to estimate the amount of P removed by individual processes in the VFCW using alum-sludge as a substrate.

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Constructive Approaches Toward Water Treatment Works Sludge Management: An International Review of Beneficial Reuses

Cited by 392 publications

References 74 publications

Geotechnics of municipal sludges and residues for landfilling

Geotechnics of municipal sludges and residues for landfilling

Feasibility Study of Advanced NOM-Reduction by Hollow Fiber Ultrafiltration and Nanofiltration at a Swedish Surface Water Treatment Plant

STELLA software as a tool for modelling phosphorus removal in a constructed wetland employing dewatered alum sludge as main substrate

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