Construction(s) et contradictions des données de recherche en SHS

Abstract

La structuration et le partage des données s'imposent depuis cinq ans au monde de la recherche, à travers des injonctions politiques (de Horizon 2020 au Plan national pour la science ouverte). L'analyse de l'enquête menée en 2017 auprès des chercheurs de l'université Rennes 2 sur leurs pratiques, représentations et attentes en matière de données conduit à interroger le terme lui-même. Variable et complexe, contrairement à ce que suggère le mot « donnée », la notion ne va pas de soi. L'article s'efforcera de montrer qu'elle fait l'objet d'une triple construction, épistémologique, intellectuelle et politique, dans les discours des chercheurs et des acteurs institutionnels, en tension avec les pratiques constatées sur le terrain. ABSTRACT. In the last decade, political injunctions to curate and share research data have increased significantly. A survey conducted in 2017 in Rennes 2, a french Humanities and Social Sciences university, enabled us to question the habits and representations of the researchers in this matter, but also the term of "data" itself. Contrary to the idea that data are given, which is implicit in the french word "données", the notion of "data" is far from being self-evident and actually proves to be complex and multifaceted. This article aims at showing that a triple redefinition and construction of research data is at stake in the discourses of researchers and institutional stakeholders: it operates at epistemological, intellectual and political levels. These concepts of data conflict with existing practices in the field. MOTS-CLÉS. données de recherche, SHS, pratiques des chercheurs, enquête, France, politique des données, partage des données.

Rewarding Research Data Management

“…Second, the relationship between researcher and data is conditioned by the scientific domain and equipment. Especially in social sciences and humanities, where researchers often produce "their own data" and where their personal knowledge about the context of data collection and production is required for interpretation reuse, data-related activities are intimate part of research [13], which is a quite different situation compared to other research disciplines, with other equipment, tools and infrastructures [5].…”

“…The multidimensional character of research data 1 COS, https://www.cos.io/initiatives/badges policy, management, sharing and data reuse, has been highlighted by Borgman [5][4]. Research data in social sciences and humanities, in particular, requires more attention and care than simplistic formula, if the purpose is better science [13]. This would include a finer differentiation of incentives, as it has been suggested for the peer-to-peer review model ("personal" v. "general" incentives, "immediate" v. "long term" incentives.…”