“…Critically, inherent to the CG mapping is the definition of the elemental units composing the newly-introduced representation: in particle-based CG pictures ( Noid, 2013 ; Kmiecik et al, 2016 ), such units are the effective interaction sites, or “beads”, obtained by lumping together subsets of the system’s constituent atoms. Depending on the chosen resolution level, each site can be representative of small to medium-sized chemical moieties ( Monticelli et al, 2008 ; Bereau and Deserno, 2009 ; Darrè et al, 2015 ), single or groups of amino acids ( Clementi et al, 2000 ; Atilgan et al, 2001 ; Micheletti et al, 2004 ; Zhang et al, 2017 ), up to entire molecular structures ( Chu and Voth, 2006 ; Sept and MacKintosh, 2010 ; Dama et al, 2013 ). In all these cases, the mapping is formally expressed as the functional relation between the effective sites’ coordinates R and the atomistic ones r ( Noid et al, 2008a ; Rudzinski and Noid, 2011 ).…”