“…These studies were all single studies with limited sample sizes (3 to 46 animals) or with a lack of adequate control groups and variable patency rates. However, some of these studies reported reasonable patency results compared to those in our study (89%): Qiu et al (common carotid artery (CCA) rats, n = 14, 86% patency) [46], Kuwabara et al (CCA rats, n = 46, 77% patency) [44], Janairo et al (CCA rats, n = 8, 100% patency) [47], Sun et al (spider silk protein grafts with ID 1.2 mm in abdominal aorta rats, n = 15, 75-85% patency) [50], and Wakabayashi et al (polyvinyl alcohol coated polycaprolactone grafts with ID 1 mm, n = 12, 83.3% patency) [51]. Therefore, other biomaterials may also be promising candidates, along with ePU.…”