Construction of power system load models and network equivalence using an evolutionary computation technique

Wen, Jinyu; Wu, Q. H.; Nuttall, K.; Shimmin, D.W.; Shi, Cheng

doi:10.1016/s0142-0615(02)00080-7

Cited by 19 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…As a vital element of power flow analysis, load modeling has attracted extensive attention from researchers for decades. An 'area load' represents a specific load area network in a system, including its internal buses and devices [1]. When constructing a model of an area load, the aim is to simplify the topological structure of the power grid to decrease the computational burden of power flow analysis.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The equivalent system with N + 1 buses proposed in paper [11] is an extension of the Thevenin equivalence approach combined with Ward equivalence, in which the equivalent loads are treated using a constant-impedance model. Our previous studies reported in [1,12] introduced another approach to area load modeling, which focuses on replacing the internal buses and lines with only one fictitious load bus and several fictitious lines linking that load bus to multiple boundary buses. A ZIP model is connected to the fictitious load bus to describe the load features of the area load in the form of internal ZIP loads.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Online Area Load Modeling in Power Systems Using Enhanced Reinforcement Learning

Shang

et al. 2017

Energies

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Abstract:The accuracy of load modeling directly influences power system operation and control. Previous modeling studies have mainly concentrated on the loads connected to a single boundary bus, without thoroughly considering the static load characteristics of the voltage. To remedy this oversight, this paper proposes an accurate modeling approach for area loads with multiple boundary buses and ZIP loads (a combination of constant-impedance, constant-current and constant-power loads) based on Ward equivalence. Furthermore, to satisfy the requirements for real-time monitoring, the model parameters are identified in an online manner using an enhanced reinforcement learning (ERL) algorithm. Parallel tables of value functions are implemented in the ERL algorithm to improve its tracking performance. Three simulation cases are addressed, the first involving a single ZIP load and the second and third involving area loads in the IEEE 57-bus system and in a real 1209-bus power system in China, respectively. The results demonstrate that the ERL algorithm outperforms an existing reinforcement learning algorithm and the improved least-squares method in terms of convergence and the ability to track both step-changing and time-varying loads. Additionally, the results obtained on test cases confirm that the proposed area load model is more accurate than a previously introduced model.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Online Area Load Modeling in Power Systems Using Enhanced Reinforcement Learning

Shang

et al. 2017

Energies

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“…It has been shown in a number of reports that power system load characters can have a significant impact on the power system stability analysis [1,2,4]. Unfortunately deriving an accurate model of electricity load is a difficult task, due to several factors, such as, a large number of diverse load components; ownerships and locations of load devices in customer facilities that are not directly accessible to the electric utility; changing load composition with time of hours, days and weeks, seasons and weather; lack of precise information on the composition of load; uncertainties regarding the characteristics of many load components; difficulties in on-line measurement for wider range of voltage and frequency variations [5,6]. In modern power systems, almost all distribution systems and load areas (load centres) are supplied by more than one power source to improve the security and reliability of the whole system [7].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…To model the load for a specified area, Wen et al proposed an aggregate load area model (ALAM) in 2003 [6,8] represents the load subject to the "area" rather than the "bus" and gives a degree of network reduction, where there are numbers of unknown equivalent parameters needed to be identified. The parameters include resistance, reactance and susceptance for the fictitious branches in the load area, and also the six ZIP load model coefficients to the fictitious load in the load area.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Study of three different approaches for development of power system aggregated load area models

Wei

Wang

Jia

et al. 2008

2008 American Control Conference

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The paper presents three different approaches for development of aggregated load area models (ALAM) in power systems. Among the three, the first one is Voltage-Two-Step (VTS) approach, which identifies ALAM parameters based on a Voltage-Match scheme implemented in two steps. The second is Current-Two-Step (CTS) approach. Similar to the VTS, this approach identifies ALAM parameters based on a Current-Match scheme realized in two steps. Direct-One-Step (DOS) approach is the third one. It identifies the ALAM parameters based on a Bus-Match scheme in one step. Theoretical explanation and analysis to these three approaches are reported in the paper and simulation studies were carried out using the model of the IEEE-14 Bus Power System. Three approaches were compared in the paper and some positive suggestions were proposed.

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“…As a number of source buses are distributed and connected to the load area rather than one single unified bus, the bus load model is reluctant to represent the load area. To model the load for a specified area, Wen et al proposed an aggregate load area model (ALAM) in 2003 [11,12] . It represents the load subject to the "area" rather than "bus" and gives a degree of network reduction, wherein the equivalent load model area can be chosen from standard bus load models.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Power system aggregate load area modelling by particle swarm optimization

Wei

Wang

2005

Int J Automat Comput

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This paper presents a new approach for deriving a power system aggregate load area model (ALAM). In this approach, an equivalent area load model is derived to represent the load characters for a particular area load of a power system network. The Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) method is employed to identify the unknown parameters of the generalised system, ALAM, based on the system measurement directly using a one-step scheme. Simulation studies are carried out for an IEEE 14-Bus power system and an IEEE 57-Bus power system. Simulation results show that the ALAM can represent the area load characters accurately under different operational conditions and at different power system states.

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Construction of power system load models and network equivalence using an evolutionary computation technique

Cited by 19 publications

References 11 publications

Online Area Load Modeling in Power Systems Using Enhanced Reinforcement Learning

Online Area Load Modeling in Power Systems Using Enhanced Reinforcement Learning

Study of three different approaches for development of power system aggregated load area models

Power system aggregate load area modelling by particle swarm optimization

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