Construction of Odor Representations by Olfactory Bulb Microcircuits

Cleland, Thomas A.

doi:10.1016/b978-0-444-63350-7.00007-3

Cited by 46 publications

(60 citation statements)

References 95 publications

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“…One fact relevant to lateral inhibition is that odor-evoked activity tends to be correlated across ORNs, meaning that an odor that strongly activates one ORN type typically elicits strong activity in many other ORN types (Haddad et al, 2010; Olsen et al, 2010; Luo et al, 2010). One proposed function of lateral inhibition is to reduce these correlations at the level of second-order neurons (Cleland, 2014; Wilson, 2013). …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Simultaneous Encoding of Odors by Channels with Diverse Sensitivity to Inhibition

Hong

Wilson

2015

Neuron

102

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SUMMARY Odorant receptors in the periphery map precisely onto olfactory glomeruli (“coding channels”) in the brain. However, the odor tuning of a glomerulus is not strongly correlated with its spatial position. This raises the question of whether lateral inhibition between glomeruli is specific or nonspecific. Here we show that, in the Drosophila brain, focal activation of even a single glomerulus recruits GABAergic interneurons in all glomeruli. Moreover, the relative level of interneuron activity in different glomeruli is largely odor-invariant. Although interneurons are recruited nonspecifically, glomeruli differ dramatically in their sensitivity to interneuron activity, and this is explained by their varying sensitivity to GABA. Interestingly, a stimulus is typically encoded in parallel by channels having high and low sensitivity to inhibition. Because lateral inhibition confers both costs and benefits, the brain might rely preferentially on “high” and “low” channels in different behavioral contexts.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Simultaneous Encoding of Odors by Channels with Diverse Sensitivity to Inhibition

Hong

Wilson

2015

Neuron

102

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“…Olfactory learning enhances the survival of adult-born neurons and upregulates the OB plasticity. Ongoing enhancement in olfactory stimulation promotes the synaptic integration of newly born neurons into specific olfactory microcircuits, thereby remodeling (structural-physiological) the OB (Kermen et al 2010;Arenkiel et al 2011;Cleland 2014;Lepousez et al 2014;Zeng et al 2014). Olfactory stimulation is eminently doable since a brief odor input may transform into longer-lasting activity in the central olfactory system (Matsumoto et al 2009;Lenk et al 2014).…”

Section: Enhancing Olfactory Functionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Dysfunctional Sensory Modalities, Locus Coeruleus, and Basal Forebrain: Early Determinants that Promote Neuropathogenesis of Cognitive and Memory Decline and Alzheimer’s Disease

Daulatzai

2016

Neurotox Res

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Sporadic Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a devastating neurodegenerative disorder. It is essential to unravel its etiology and pathogenesis. This should enable us to study the presymptomatic stages of the disease and to analyze and reverse the antemortem behavioral, memory, and cognitive dysfunction. Prima facie, an ongoing chronic vulnerability involving neural insult may lead normal elderly to mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and then to AD. Development of effective preventive and therapeutic strategies to thwart the disease pathology obviously requires a thorough delineation of underlying disruptive neuropathological processes. Our sensory capacity for touch, smell, taste, hearing, and vision declines with advancing age. Declines in different sensory attributes are considered here to be the primary "first-tier pathologies." Olfactory loss is among the first clinical signs of neurodegenerative diseases including AD and Parkinson's disease (PD). Sensory dysfunction in the aged promotes pathological disturbances in the locus coeruleus, basal forebrain, entorhinal cortex, hippocampus, and several key areas of neocortex and brainstem. Hence, sensory dysfunction is the pivotal factor that may upregulate cognitive and memory dysfunction. The age-related constellation of comorbid pathological factors may include apolipoprotein E (APOE) genotype, obesity, diabetes, hypertension, alcohol abuse, head trauma, and obstructive sleep apnea. The concepts and trajectories delineated here are the dynamic pillars of the current hypothesis presented-it postulates that the sensory decline, in conjunction with the above pathologies, is crucial in triggering neurodegeneration and promoting cognitive/memory dysfunction in aging and AD. The application of this thesis can be important in formulating new multifactorial preventive and treatment strategies (suggested here) in order to attenuate cognitive and memory decline and ameliorate pathological dysfunction in aging, MCI, and AD.

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“…Odorant receptors have reasonably broad chemoreceptive fields, such that odor specificity is encoded in replicable patterns of activation distributed across a substantial number of receptors and their associated glomeruli. The locations of glomeruli associated with particular receptors are substantially conserved among conspecifics, but their physical proximity on the OB surface is unrelated to their chemoreceptive fields ([7]; discussed in [8]). Activity in these glomeruli is sampled by principal neurons (mitral and tufted cells) and by juxtaglomerular interneurons (specifically, glutamatergic external tufted (ET) cells and a heterogeneous population of GABAergic and dopaminergic periglomerular/superficial short-axon (PG/sSA) cells) that mediate computations within each glomerulus and across glomeruli in the deep portion of the glomerular layer.…”

Section: Model Conceptionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These LFP oscillations evince broadly coordinated driver potentials in OB neurons and the regulation of spike timing. Indeed, synaptic inhibition in this deep layer is likely to affect the timing, rather than the existence, of principal neuron action potentials (discussed in [8]; [26]), suggesting a common clock for coordinating the spiking activity exported to other regions of the brain. These gamma oscillations transition to a lower (beta) frequency during bidirectional interactions with piriform cortex [27, 28], and are embedded within theta-band oscillations that can be directly driven by respiration but may also be supported by the intrinsic theta-band rhythmicity of ET cells [29].…”

Section: Model Conceptionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Generative Biophysical Modeling of Dynamical Networks in the Olfactory System

Cleland

2018

Methods in Molecular Biology

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Generative models are computational models designed to generate appropriate values for all of their embedded variables, thereby simulating the response properties of a complex system based on the coordinated interactions of a multitude of physical mechanisms. In systems neuroscience, generative models are generally biophysically based compartmental models of neurons and networks that are explicitly multiscale, being constrained by experimental data at multiple levels of organization from cellular membrane properties to large-scale network dynamics. As such, they are able to explain the origins of emergent properties in complex systems, and serve as tests of sufficiency and as quantitative instantiations of working hypotheses that may be too complex to simply intuit. Moreover, when adequately constrained, generative biophysical models are able to predict novel experimental outcomes, and consequently are powerful tools for experimental design. We here outline a general strategy for the iterative design and implementation of generative, multiscale biophysical models of neural systems. We illustrate this process using our ongoing, iteratively developing model of the mammalian olfactory bulb. Because the olfactory bulb exhibits diverse and interesting properties at multiple scales of organization, it is an attractive system in which to illustrate the value of generative modeling across scales.

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Construction of Odor Representations by Olfactory Bulb Microcircuits

Cited by 46 publications

References 95 publications

Simultaneous Encoding of Odors by Channels with Diverse Sensitivity to Inhibition

Simultaneous Encoding of Odors by Channels with Diverse Sensitivity to Inhibition

Dysfunctional Sensory Modalities, Locus Coeruleus, and Basal Forebrain: Early Determinants that Promote Neuropathogenesis of Cognitive and Memory Decline and Alzheimer’s Disease

Generative Biophysical Modeling of Dynamical Networks in the Olfactory System

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