“…Bonabeau,Dorigo,&Theraulaz,(1999)introducedanapproachtorecommendingthesequenceof e-learningmodulesfordistancelearnersbasedonself-organizationtheory.Thearchitecturethey namedas'educationalwayfindingsupport'thatsupportstherecording,processingandpresentation ofcollectivebehaviordesignedtocreateafeedbackloop,guidinglearnersonsuccessfulpathtowards learninggoalsbasedonant-algorithm.Similartechniquescanbeappliedusingaprobabilisticgraph wherenodesarepedagogicalitems,arcsarehypertextlinkswiththeirassociatedprobabilitiesand studentsplaytheroleofantsthattraversethegraph (Dronetal.,2002,Weber,&Specht,1997, Brusilovsky,Ritter,&Schwarz,1997.Paraschool (Dahbi,Elkamoun,&Berraissoul,(2006),Vanden Berg,VanEs,Tattersall,Janssen,Manderveld,Brouns,&Koper,(2005)appliedtheACOheuristics topedagogicmaterialnavigationproblem,andValigiani,Biojout,Jamont,Lutton,&Collet,(2005 experimented with an "ant-hill" method which laid the pheromone depending on how students validatedanitem(successorfailure),soastooptimizelearningpathwithdifferentstudentsthathave differentviews.Style-basedantcolonysystem(SACS)bySemet, Lutton,&Collet,(2003), Wang, Wang,&Huang,(2008)isbasedongrouplearningpatternandemployedanextendedant-colony systemapproach.Itisproposedtoconstructausermodelforfindingsuitablelearningpathfrom graph-basedpathstructureforsolvingmostglobaloptimalproblem. Sengupta, Sahu, & Dasgupta, (2012) also proposed an ant colony optimization approach to achieveadaptivityinsequencingoflearningconcept.Inordertodeterminetherelationamongthe concepttheyutilizethefrequentgraphpattern. Kardan,Ebrahim,&Imani,(2014)proposedtwostagerobustlearningpathalgorithmtermedas ACOMap.Infirststage,theydeterminetheknowledgelevelofthelearnerbasedontheoutcomes ofpretest,inthesecondstage,theyutilizethemetaheuristicmethod,i.e.antcolonyoptimization,to generatealearningpathwhichbestsuitsthelearnerprofile.…”