Developing low-cost
electrocatalysts with high efficiency for water
splitting is a critical task to make this technology viable for large-scale
clean energy generation. Transition metal selenides, comprising earth
abundant elements, such as Fe, Co and Cu, have gained attention as
superior electrocatalysts for oxygen evolution reaction (OER) in the
alkaline medium. In this article, we have systematically investigated
the evolution of OER catalytic activity as a function of composition
for a series of Fe–Co–Cu quaternary selenides by exploring
a trigonal phase diagram. The OER activity was dependent on the quantity
of Cu and Fe in the Fe-Cu-Co-Se quaternary selenide electrocatalysts,
while surprisingly, Fe–Cu ternary selenides exhibit reduced
OER activity in comparison to their pure parent compounds FeSe and
Cu3Se2. Quaternary selenides exhibited more
efficient catalytic activity with increasing amount of Fe or Cu in
the catalysts, and the quaternary mixed metal selenide thin film of
composition (Fe0.48Co0.38Cu0.14)Se
showed the best catalytic performance with a small overpotential of
256 mV at 10 mA cm–2 and a low Tafel slope of 40.8
mV dec–1 in N2-saturated 1.0 M KOH solution.
The outstanding catalytic performance of quaternary selenides may
be explained by the possible electron cloud delocalization among the
transition metal sites in the catalytic system through d-bands, leading to lower charge transport resistance at the catalyst–electrolyte
interface as well better film conductivity, as has also been observed
through electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. Such enhanced charge
transfers eventually facilitate the rate of O2 release
from the catalyst surface, leading to enhanced activity.