Construction of hierarchical K0.7Mn0.7Mg0.3O2 microparticles as high capacity &amp; long cycle life cathode materials for low-cost potassium-ion batteries

Weng, Junying; Duan, Ju; Sun, Chengliang; Liu, Peng; Li, Aixiang; Zhou, Pengfei; Zhou, Jin

doi:10.1016/j.cej.2019.123649

Cited by 62 publications

(43 citation statements)

References 44 publications

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“…The results revealed that heteroatom substitution in layered oxides is highly effective in improving the structural stability by moderating the extent of the irreversible multiphase transformation. Furthermore, heteroatomsubstituted K x MO 2 , such as P3-K 0.48 Mn 0.4 Co 0.6 O 2 , [142] P3-K 0.4 Mn 0.9 Mg 0.1 O 2 , [143] P3-K 0.7 Mn 0.7 Mg 0.3 O 2 , [55] P2-K 2 NiCoTeO 6 , [144] P3-K 0.48 Ni 0.2 Co 0.2 Mn 0.6 O 2 , [145] P3-K 0.45 Mn 0.5 Co 0.5 O 2 , [146] P3-K 0.45 Mn 0.8 Fe 0.2 O 2 , [147] P2-K 0.44 Ni 0.22 Mn 0.78 O 2 , [148] and K 2 M 2 TeO 6 (M = Ni, Mg, Zn, Co and Cu), [31] displayed appreciable K + storage properties owing to the tuned reaction dynamics by suppressing certain phase transitions and improving the electrical properties.…”

Section: Existing Challenges and Optimization Strategies For Layered K X Momentioning

confidence: 99%

Challenges and Strategies toward Cathode Materials for Rechargeable Potassium‐Ion Batteries

2021

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Li resources, together with its growing depletion, has seriously hindered the sustainable development of LIBs. [6] In recent years, enormous effort has been devoted to developing alternative EES technologies, especially sodium-ion batteries (SIBs) and potassium-ion batteries (PIBs), owing to the similar chemical properties of Na, K, and Li, [6] and the high abundance and accessibility of Na and K. Figure 1a shows the physical properties and economic indicators of Li, Na, and K carrier ions for rechargeable batteries. The ranking of Li, Na, and K according to their natural abundance in the crust is 27th (0.0017 wt%), 6th (2.36 wt%), and 7th (2.09 wt%), [7] respectively. In particular, PIBs are more attractive because the redox potential versus the standard hydrogen electrode of K + /K (−2.93 V) is lower than that of Na + /Na (−2.71 V) and closer to that of Li + /Li (−3.04 V) in aqueous electrolytes. [8,9] Moreover, both theoretical and experimental studies have revealed that the K/K + couple exhibits a low reduction potential compared with Na/Na + and even Li/Li + in nonaqueous electrolytes (e.g., KPF 6 -ethylene carbonate [EC]/propylene carbonate [PC]). [10,11] The weaker Lewis acidity of K + relative to Li + or Na + favors a smaller Stokes radius of solvated ions, [12] which facilitates faster ion mobility and higher ion conductivity, thereby improving the rate performance of PIBs. [13] As illustrated in Figure 1b, potassium plating takes place at a lower potential for PIBs compared with LIBs and SIBs, thus providing a greater possibility to achieve a wider electrochemical voltage window. [14] These findings, in principle, give rise to a higher energy density for PIBs. [15] More strikingly, PIBs benefit from the fact that K + can be electrochemically inserted into graphite (like Li + ) to form graphite intercalation compounds (KC 8 ) with a theoretical capacity of ≈279 mAh g −1 ; [16][17][18] thus, PIBs have great potential for commercial applications. These characteristics make PIBs an exciting alternative or complementary energy storage candidate to the present LIBs.Nevertheless, although the pioneering study on the K-intercalation reaction can be traced back to 2004, [19] the development of PIBs is less satisfactory owing to the difficulty in finding suitable host materials with acceptable electrochemical performance. This difficulty arises mostly from the large atomic radius (1.38 Å) of K + , [8] which considerably reduces With increasing demand for grid-scale energy storage, potassium-ion batteries (PIBs) have emerged as promising complements or alternatives to commercial lithium-ion batteries owing to the low cost, natural abundance of potassium resources, the low standard reduction potential of potassium, and fascinating K + transport kinetics in the electrolyte. However, the low energy density and unstable cycle life of cathode materials hamper their practical application. Therefore, cathode materials with high capacities, high redox potentials, and good structural stability are required with the advance...

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Section: Existing Challenges and Optimization Strategies For Layered K X Momentioning

confidence: 99%

Challenges and Strategies toward Cathode Materials for Rechargeable Potassium‐Ion Batteries

2021

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“…[143] Besides, HC anode has also been used in PIB full cells to validate the performance of the novel cathode materials, excellent cyclic performances have been achieved both in the half cells and full cells. [144] Particularly, SIB full cells are of great interest due to their huge potential as next-generation batteries for grid-scale ESSs. Polyanionic compounds, oxides, and PBAs are the major choices of cathode materials for SIB full cells (Figure 15a), and the anodes are carbonaceous materials, chalcogenides, titanium compounds, and elements, et al The Li metal can form alloy with aluminum (Al) at low voltage potential, while the Na metal does not.…”

Section: Full Cellsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hard Carbon Anodes: Fundamental Understanding and Commercial Perspectives for Na‐Ion Batteries beyond Li‐Ion and K‐Ion Counterparts

Zhao

Lai

et al. 2020

Advanced Energy Materials

295

174

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scarce resources, uneven distribution, and arduous recycling of lithium. Sodium-ion batteries (SIBs) and potassium-ion batteries (PIBs) operating with similar mechanism to that of LIBs are considered as affordable alternatives, [2] as a result of the desirable performances as well as much abundant resources of sodium and potassium. [3] The performances of the alkali metal-ion batteries depend much on the cathode and anode materials. Various types of cathode materials based on the reversible insertion/ extraction of alkali metal ions including transition metal oxides, fluorides, phosphates, hexacyanoferrates, and sulfates have been developed, and plenty of them exhibit desirable energy density and cycling performances. [4] Progress on the research for anode materials is relatively slow, however, as compared with their cathode counterparts. [5] Based on the reaction mechanisms, the anodes generally fall into three categories: insertion based, conversion based, and alloying based. [6] The conversion-based materials exhibit high theoretical specific capacities derived from the conversion reactions during the uptake of alkali metal ions. [7] Due to the large volume variations during charge/discharge, however, the conversion-based anodes exhibit rapid capacity fading. The alloyingbased materials deliver high specific capacity by the alloying reaction, but the material pulverization derived from repeated volume changes results in poor reversibility. [8] Insertion-based materials include titanium-based oxides and carbonaceous materials. Although the small volume change, high rate capability, and good cycling stability of titanium-based oxides are desirable, their high working voltages and low specific capacities are detrimental to the power density of the full cells. [9] Carbonaceous materials, including graphite, carbon nanotubes (CNTs), graphene, soft carbon (SC), hard carbon (HC), etc., are promising anode candidates for alkali metal-ion batteries. [10] Graphite has been developed as a practical anode for commercial LIBs. They have steady discharge curves and low operation potential (≈0.1 V vs Li + /Li), and the formation of stable graphite intercalation compounds (GICs) LiC 6 delivers a moderate theoretical intercalation capacity of 372 mAh g −1 . [11] While the intercalation capacities of graphite anodes for SIBs and PIBs are not satisfactory, delivering 35 mAh g −1 for SIBs with NaC 64Hard carbon (HC) is recognized as a promising anode material with outstanding electrochemical performance for alkali metal-ion batteries including lithium-ion batteries (LIBs), as well as their analogs sodium-ion batteries (SIBs) and potassium-ion batteries (PIBs). Herein, a comprehensive review of the recent research is presented to interpret the challenges and opportunities for the applications of HC anodes. The ion storage mechanisms, materials design, and electrolyte optimizations for alkali metal-ion batteries are illustrated in-depth. HC is particularly promising as an anode material for SIBs. The solid-electrolyte interph...

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“…[ 41,44–46 ] In addition, too much substitution of electrochemically inactive Mg elements in the oxide layer is disadvantageous to the specific capacity. [ 41 ] In spite of this, dopants such as Mg, Ni, and Co decrease the Mn 3+ content and effectively suppress the Jahn − Teller distortion in the MnO 6 octahedra during the electrochemical reaction. For instance, Liu et al reported that a ternary P3‐type K 0.67 Ni 0.17 Co 0.17 Mn 0.66 O 2 delivered a reversible capacity of 77 mAh g −1 in the voltage range 2.0 − 4.3 V. [ 47 ] Although the capacity was smaller, a good cycling performance with a capacity retention of 87% after 100 cycles was achieved.…”

Section: Layered Transition Metal Oxidesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The substituted and doped M elements can be electrochemically active, for example, Ni, Co, Mn, Fe, Cr, or inactive, for example, Mg, Al, Sb.reactions at high temperature, which were also characterized Fe, Co, Ni, and Mg doped (or substituted) K x M y Mn 1-y O 2 demonstrated smooth charge/discharge profiles and improved electrochemical performances, including capacity, cycling stability, and rate capability (Figure 5a-c). [37][38][39][40][41][42][43][44] P3-type K 0.7 Fe 0.5 Mn 0.5 O 2 , K 0.54 Co 0.5 Mn 0.5 O 2, and K 0.45 Co 0.5 Mn 0.5 O 2 with high substitution contents (y = 0.5) have been successfully synthesized by researchers, respectively. [37,38,40] However, to balance the valence state in K-deficient K x M y Mn 1-y O 2 , Mg and Ni contents are usually lower than 0.33.…”

Section: Binary and Ternary M Systemsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Recent Progress and Prospects of Layered Cathode Materials for Potassium‐ion Batteries

Liao

Han

Zhang

et al. 2021

Energy & Environ Materials

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Layered materials with two‐dimensional ion diffusion channels and fast kinetics are attractive as cathode materials for secondary batteries. However, one main challenge in potassium‐ion batteries is the large ion size of K+, along with the strong K+−K+ electrostatic repulsion. This strong interaction results in initial K deficiency, greater voltage slope, and lower specific capacity between set voltage ranges for layered transition metal oxides. In this review, a comprehensive review of the latest advancements in layered cathode materials for potassium‐ion batteries is presented. Except for layered transition metal oxides, some polyanionic compounds, chalcogenides, and organic materials with the layered structure are introduced separately. Furthermore, summary and personal perspectives on future optimization and structural design of layered cathode materials are constructively discussed. We strongly appeal to the further exploration of layered polyanionic compounds and have demonstrated a series of novel layered structures including layered K3V2(PO4)3.

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Construction of hierarchical K0.7Mn0.7Mg0.3O2 microparticles as high capacity & long cycle life cathode materials for low-cost potassium-ion batteries

Cited by 62 publications

References 44 publications

Challenges and Strategies toward Cathode Materials for Rechargeable Potassium‐Ion Batteries

Challenges and Strategies toward Cathode Materials for Rechargeable Potassium‐Ion Batteries

Hard Carbon Anodes: Fundamental Understanding and Commercial Perspectives for Na‐Ion Batteries beyond Li‐Ion and K‐Ion Counterparts

Recent Progress and Prospects of Layered Cathode Materials for Potassium‐ion Batteries

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