“…Hydrogen (H 2 ) plays a crucial role in the future sustainable energy. − However, most H 2 is obtained by conventional hydrogen production via the steam reforming process, which would provoke the large-scale use of fossil fuels and aggravate greenhouse gas emissions. , Accordingly, overall water splitting powered by renewable energy has been considered a significant technology for the production of clear H 2 . − Recently, a promising strategy to resolve the insufficient conversion efficiency and sluggish catalytic kinetics of electrode materials for water splitting is to develop advanced electrodes with appropriate structures and highly active electrocatalysts. Until now, Pt-based materials, owing to their appropriate H* adsorption energy, have received significant attention as hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) electrocatalysts. − However, the large-scale application of Pt-based electrocatalysts is hindered by the exorbitant price and scarcity. Thus, developing novel materials, which served as substitutes for Pt-based catalysts, would be considered a promising strategy to accomplish potential clean-energy technologies. − Ru-based electrocatalysts, owing to their significant potential in HER and low cost equal to only 4% Pt, have been potential alternatives for replacing Pt-based electrodes. − However, the poor chemical stability of metallic Ru for its high dissolution rate in acidic and alkaline solutions needs to be resolved for further application …”