Construction of Enzyme Nanoreactors to Enable Tumor Microenvironment Modulation and Enhanced Cancer Treatment

Abstract

Enzymes play pivotal roles in regulating and maintaining the normal functions of all living systems, and some of them are extensively employed for diagnosis and treatment of diverse diseases. More recently, several kinds of enzymes with unique catalytic activities have been found to be promising options to directly suppress tumor growth and/or augment the therapeutic efficacy of other treatments by modulating the hostile tumor microenvironment (TME), which is reported to negatively impair the therapeutic efficacy of different cancer treatments. In this review, first a summary is presented on the chemical approaches utilized for the construction of distinct enzyme nanoreactors with well‐retained catalytic performance and reduced immunogenicity. Then, the utilization of such enzyme nanoreactors in attenuating tumor hypoxia, modulating extracellular matrix, and amplifying tumor oxidative stress is discussed in depth. Afterward, some perspectives are presented on the future development of such enzyme nanoreactors in TME modulation and enhanced cancer treatment.

Recent advances in upconversion nanoparticle-based nanocomposites for gas therapy

“…For example, the hypoxic environment is one of the most representative microenvironment features in advanced solid tumors, usually caused by excessive O 2 consumption by the rapidly proliferating cancer cells and abnormal vascular systems. 60,61 In particular, hypoxia may signicantly hamper the cancer therapies, such as RT, 62,63 chemotherapy, 64,65 PDT, 66,67 and sonodynamic therapy (SDT). 68,69 Therefore, efficient O 2 generation and delivery strategies have been extensively explored and developed to overcome the hypoxic environment and improve the efficacy of cancer therapies.…”

Multifunctional MnO2 nanoparticles for tumor microenvironment modulation and cancer therapy

“…More evidences have demonstrated that the regulation of TME plays a vital role in improving the therapeutic responses of cancer therapies (Huai et al, 2019; Y. Liu, Guo, & Huang, 2020). In recent years, various types of small molecular drugs, enzymes, and functional nanomaterials have been developed to reverse the biological characteristics of TME (J. Liu, Chen, et al, 2018; Liu, Hao, et al, 2020; Wang, Lin, et al, 2017).…”

“…In recent years, various types of small molecular drugs, enzymes, and functional nanomaterials have been developed to reverse the biological characteristics of TME (J. Liu, Hao, et al, 2020;Wang, Lin, et al, 2017).…”

Eco-Friendly Synthesis of MnO2 Nanorods Using Gmelina arborea Fruit Extract and Its Anticancer Potency Against MCF-7 Breast Cancer Cell Line

“… 7 All the organs of this plant have known medicinal value, and have been used for a long time as antimicrobial, anti-diabetic, anthelmintic, hepatoprotective, anti-aging, antiepileptic, analgesic and diuretic agents. 8 As a thriving interdisciplinary field of exploration in an assortment of fields, nanotechnology can empower inventive applications in farming, like pesticide conveyance, nano-sensors, pesticide debasement, micronutrients for effective use, etc. A few inorganic and natural metal oxide nanomaterials, just as a few crossbreed nanomaterials, are progressively being utilized as elective antibacterial specialists in biomedical applications because of their strange uncommon nano-size structure, high surface-to-volume proportion and unrivaled physicochemical properties’ attributes.…”