“…1,2 Hydrogen is considered to be one of the most renewable, environmentally friendly and sustainable energy resources that can be used to replace the wide use of fossil fuels. 3,4 Professor Fujishima reported the phenomenon of photocatalytic decomposition of water by TiO 2 single-crystal electrodes to produce hydrogen for the first time, which opens up a research pathway for hydrogen production by solar photolysis of water. 5 However, the high band gap energy and photogenerated electron-hole recombination rate, as well as the low visible light absorption capacity, of TiO 2 seriously hinder its wide employment in photocatalysis.…”