Construction of Bis‐Indole Derivatives Using α‐Amylase Enzyme: Application in the Gram‐Scale Synthesis of Bis‐Indole Containing Bioactive Molecules

Abstract

Herein, we have developed a biocatalytic approach toward the synthesis of bis(indolyl)methane using an α‐amylase in water. This protocol has a number of advantages like eco‐friendly reaction conditions, use of biodegradable catalyst, and higher conversion. Moreover, the generality of this protocol was displayed by employing various substitutions on indole and benzaldehyde which provides the corresponding products in very good yield (63–89%). Also, the applicability of this protocol was shown by synthesizing four different bioactive molecules on a gram scale.

Design and Preparation of a Bifunctional Nanobiohybrid Catalyst by Combining Palladium and α‐Amylase Enzyme: Application in One‐pot Chemoenzymatic Catalysis

“…As it has been reported previously that 20 % DMSO in H 2 O is the better solvent system for enzyme-catalyzed synthesis of bis(indolyl)methane. [22] To our delight, we were successful this time to synthesize bis(indolyl)methane derivatives in one pot using chemoenzymatic approach (entry 3, Table 4). Also, we tried to change the loading of catalyst (IV) and molar ratio of substrates along with the reaction temperature but there was no improvement in the outcome of the reaction (entries 4-7, Table 4).…”

Experimental and computational investigation of the α-amylase catalyzed Friedel–Crafts reaction of isatin to access symmetrical and unsymmetrical 3,3′,3′′-trisindoles

“…13,14 Recently, we reported the application of the α-amylase enzyme in the gram-scale synthesis of bis-indole containing bioactive molecules. 15 Keeping in view the diverse applications of 3,3′,3′′-trisindoles and limitations of the previously reported methods, herein, we report the highly selective and efficient synthesis of symmetrical and unsymmetrical 3,3′,3′′-trisindoles using the α-amylase enzyme catalysed Friedel–Crafts type reaction of isatin and indoles.…”