Construction of Aptamer-Based Nanobiosensor for Breast Cancer Biomarkers Detection Utilizing g-C3N4/Magnetic Nano-Structure

Abstract

An electrochemical aptasensor has been developed to determine breast cancer biomarkers (CA 15-3). Aptamer chains were immobilized on the surface of the electrode by g-C3N4/Fe3O4 nanoparticles, which increased the conductivity and active surface area of the electrode. X-ray diffraction analysis (XRD), Fourier-transformed infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) measurements have been carried out to characterize the nanomaterials. Cyclic voltammetry, square wave voltammetry, and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy have been used to characterize the developed electrode. The results demonstrate that the modified electrode has better selectivity for CA 15-3 compared to other biological molecules. It has a good electrochemical response to CA 15-3 with a detection limit of 0.2 U mL−1 and a linear response between 1 and 9 UmL−1. It has been used as a label-free sensor in potassium ferrocyanide medium and as methylene blue-labeled in phosphate buffer medium. This electrode was successfully applied to analyze the serum of diseased and healthy individuals, which corroborates its high potential for biosensing applications, especially for the diagnosis of breast cancer.

Natural Polymer Encapsulated Zeolitic Imidazolate Framework-12 Composite toward Electrochemical Sensing of Antitumor Agent

“…Alternatively, electrochemical sensors have recently come to be recognized as more sensitive, dependable, and selective than conventional experimental tools, with added benefits, including affordability, usability, and speed of response. Recently, biomolecule detection, food dye and pesticide sensing, and also environmental monitoring are gaining much attention with variety of composites such as MXenes, 11 surfactant stabilized gold nanoparticles, 12 bismuth-based heterojunction nanocomposites, 13 graphitic carbon nitride, 14 zirconium-based metal organic frameworks, 15 etc.…”

Label-free and label-based electrochemical detection of disease biomarker proteins

“…A biological recognition system provides a sensor with high selectivity to the analyte being measured. The basic principle of biosensors is the recognition of biological compounds and sensing so that when a biological compound is recognized by a recognition compound, a signal change occurs by the transducer [2][3][4][5][6][7]. The key to a biosensor device is the transducer used.…”

Hierarchical Graphitic Carbon Nitride–Zeolitic Imidazolate Framework-67 Nanostructures Adorned on Calcium Molybdate Nanospheres for High-Performance Supercapacitor Applications

“…Also, C and N each have a unique and varied valence capacity that allows them to individually contribute to setting boundaries. As a result, the g-C 3 N 4 network may contain a variety of valence bonds. − …”