Construction of a simple optical sensor based on air stable lipid film with incorporated urease for the rapid detection of urea in milk

Urea impedimetric biosensor based on reactive RF magnetron sputtered zinc oxide nanoporous transducer

“…Increasing in urea level in blood and urine can cause urinary tract obstruction, dehydration, shock, burns, and gastrointestinal bleeding, whereas reducing in urea level may be seen in nephritic syndrome, cachexia and hepatic failure [2]. The assay of urea can be followed by many different techniques as spectrometry [3][4][5], potentiometry [6][7][8][9], conductometry [10][11][12], coulometry [13] and amperometry [14]. Nowadays several attempts have been widely done to develop urea electrochemical biosensor, due to their inherent advantages such as robustness, easy miniaturization, excellent detection limits, and requirement for very small amounts of analyte [15][16][17][18][19][20].…”

Lipid Based Nano‐biosensors for Medical Diagnostics

“…In such a case, a flow through system should be used to avoid protein adsorption and interferences. For example, in order to use lipid film devices for the direct detection of an analyte in dairy products and other foods that may contain proteins and lipids, the effect of lactoglobulin (a common protein present in milk and other dairy products) was investigated in our studies using variable flow rates [19,30]. The effect of this protein was investigated by injecting solutions containing variable concentrations of lactoglobulin into the flowing carrier electrolyte solution at variable flow rates.…”

Potentiometric Biosensing Applications of Graphene Electrodes with Stabilized Polymer Lipid Membranes

“…An important criterion for practical applications of lipid membrane-based biosensors is the ability to store these membranes log-term at a temperature of 25 • C. A number of practical characteristics of these lipid membrane-based biosensors, such as stability at ambient temperatures, reproducibility, and reusability, have demonstrated their analytical applications in our other reports [9][10][11][12].…”

“…The results of Raman and IR showed that the polymerization kinetics ended after four hours. The polymerization mechanism and generation of the signal was further on explored by Raman and IR spectroscopy, micro-Raman spectroscopy, DSC, and SEM experiments [2,3,9,10]. These membranes were stable for storage in air for a period of longer than two months.…”