Construction of a model of monopolium and its search via multiphoton channels at LHC

Abstract

A model of monopolium is constructed based on an electromagnetic dual formulation of Zwanziger and lattice gauge theory.To cope with the strong coupling nature of the magnetic charge, for which the monopole is confined, U (1) lattice gauge theory is applied. The monopole is assumed to have a finite-sized inner structure based on a 't Hooft-Polyakov like solution in which the magnetic charge is uniformly distributed on the surface of a sphere. The monopole and antimonopole potential becomes linear plus Coulomb outside the sphere and is constant inside.Numerical estimation gives two kinds of solutions: One which has a small binding energy, and hence the para-(J = 0) and ortho-(J = 1) monopoliums have degenerate masses. For the parameter choices considered, they both have O(1 − 10) TeV masses and are very shortlived. The other solution has a small monopole mass and large binding energy, with an illustrative example of parameter choices giving a 750 GeV para-monopolium and 1.4 TeV ortho-monopolium. The production rate of the former is one order of magnitude smaller than the announced enhancement, but they may be the target of future LHC searches and the 100 TeV colliders.

Scattering of charged particles off monopole–anti-monopole pairs

“…We also studied the possibility of finding monopoles not free but in bound pairs of monopole-antimonopole, the so called monopolium [22,28]. Monopolium has lower mass than a pair of monopole-antimonopole and also annihilates into photons [29,30] but because it is neutral it is difficult to detect directly. In this paper we pursue some investigations to detect monopoles in LHC besides direct detection and their decay properties.…”

“…Thus to get an estimate for the polarizability one has to calculate the first few sum rules for the magnetic dipole operator (29):…”

“…The simplicity of the previous commutator is basically due to the fact that the commonly used monopoleantimonopole potentials, V MM , commute with the magnetic dipole operator (29).…”

“…an interaction potential. There are several models in the literature [29,35] but for the purpose of the present investigation, where a precise value of d is not relevant as long as kd is large, the approximation to the potential of Schiff and Goebel [35] V (r) = −g 2 1 − exp(−2r/r 0 ) r ,…”

Multiphoton annihilation of monopolium

“…We have already studied the annihilation of monopolium into two photons [7,8]. In here we are going to show that monopolium might annihilate most preferably into many low energy photons [8,9]. This result motivates experimental searches of monopolium and monopole-antimonopole by looking into multi-photon decays.…”