Construction of a hybrid brewing strain of saccharomyces carlsbergensis by mating of meiotic segregants

Gjermansen, Claes; Sigsgaard, Poul

doi:10.1007/bf02906193

Cited by 83 publications

(32 citation statements)

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“…Industrial or natural yeasts identified as Saccharomyces, which yield spores with a low viability or do not sporulate at all (Gjermansen and Sigsgaard 1981), are commonly found. This could be due to a polyploidy or aneuploidy (Stewart 1981) or, as observed by several authors, the strains being natural interspecific hybrids (Pedersen 1986 and references therein;Vaughan-Martini and Martini 1987;Naumov et al 1992b).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Electrophoretic profile of hybrids between cryotolerant and non-cryotolerant Saccharomyces strains

Giudici

Caggia

Pulvirenti

et al. 1998

Lett Appl Microbiol

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The chromosomal DNAs of cryotolerant Saccharomyces bayanus, non‐cryotolerant Saccharomyces cerevisiae strains and their intra and interspecific hybrids were separated by pulsed field electrophoresis (PFGE). The cryotolerant and non‐cryotolerant strains gave distinctly different electrophoretic profiles. The hybrids cryotolerant × cryotolerant and non‐cryotolerant × non‐cryotolerant were fertile and they gave the same electrophoretic karyotype as the respective parents. The cryotolerant × non‐cryotolerant hybrids were sterile and gave electrophoretic karyotypes which showed both the bands the parents have in common and those they do not share.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Electrophoretic profile of hybrids between cryotolerant and non-cryotolerant Saccharomyces strains

Giudici

Caggia

Pulvirenti

et al. 1998

Lett Appl Microbiol

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“…Alternatively, mutagenisation of the spore clones from the lager yeast followed by crossing could produce new hybrid strains with the desired brewing properties. Such experiments have been carried out by GJERMANSEN-and SIGSGAARD (23) and GJERMANSEN (24), and the strains have been tested for brewing performance in a small scale (57). In the first of the two studies a hybrid lager strain was produced from spore clones from the Carlsberg lager strain.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

DNA sequence polymorphisms in the genus saccharomyces III. Restriction endonuclease fragment patterns of chromosomal regions in brewing and other yeast strains

Pedersen

1986

Carlsberg Res. Commun.

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30 bottom fermenting strains, 13 hybrid lager strains, 11 top fermenting strains. In addition, 24 other yeast species and strains have been analysed in this study. Four DNA regions have been monitored by restriction endonuclease fragment pattern polymorphisms. The regions analysed are: RDN1 (encoding cytosolic ribosomal RNA molecules) located on chromosome XII in S. cerevisiae, HIS4 (histidine 4) and LEU2 (leucine 2) both located on chromosome III and the Ty elements which are distributed at different positions in the genome ofS. cerevisiae. Seven Ty fragment patterns have been detected in the bottom fermenting strains. Patterns I, II, IIa, lib, and llc are present in lager strains while pattern III and IV are found in S. carlsbergensis bottom fermenting strain No. I and in S. monacensis, respectively. Hybridization of the Tyl p14 probe from S. cerevisiae to OFAGE separated chromosomes from bottom fermenting strains show that at least five Ty elements are present in the genomes of the lager strains, at least five in S. carlsbergensis bottom fermenting strain No. I and at least three in S. monacensis. From the restriction fragment patterns and the karyotypes of the bottom fermenting strains it is suggested that these strains are closely related and different from the S. bayanus, S. pastorianus, and S. uvarum group as well as from the S. cerevisiae strains. In spite of their differences in Ty element patterns the lager strains are so homogenous that most likely they all originate from a single strain which is related to S. carlsbergensis and S. monacensis type strains. In contrast to the bottom fermenting strains there is a large variability among the top fermenting strains, especially with regard to the LEU2 gene and Ty elements. It seems that S. bayanus, S. inusitatus, S. pastorianus, S. validus, and S. uvarum are closely related, and none of the studied strains from these taxons contained DNA which hybridized to the Tyl probe from S. cerevisiae. This is a clear difference from the DNA of bottom fermenting strains which consistently hybridized strongly to the Tyl probe.Abbreviations: kb = kilo base pairs; OFAGE = orthogonal field alternation gel electrophoresis; SSC = 0.15 M-NaCI, 15 mM-Na citrate; TBE = 0.089 M-Tris-borate, 0.089 M-boric acid, 0.002 M-EDTA; Tris = tris-(hydroxymethyl)-amino methane Springer-Verlag

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“…The exception is the strain formerly used by the Bavarian brewery Pschorr which is homozygous for the HIS4 pattern II. A hybrid between two spore clones of the Carlsberg lager strain BK2246 with such a homozygous pattern II has been produced and was recently successfully employed in production of beer (10,25).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…All strains were propagated on YPD plates for DNA isolation and replicated to sporulation plates and melibiose containing plates. The plates were incubated at 22 ~ the frequency of asci determined in each strain after seven days (10) and the capacity to grow on melibiose recorded. The strains were further tested for excretion of ~t-galactosidase (melibiase) by growing them on plates containing 0.2% galactose (Merck 4062), 0.67% yeast nitrogen base without amino acids (Bacto 919-15) and 2% agar for one or two days.…”

Section: Strains and Mediamentioning

confidence: 99%

DNA sequence polymorphisms in the genus Saccharomyces. I. Comparison of theHIS4 and ribosomal RNA genes in lager strains, ale strains and various species

Pedersen

1983

Carlsberg Res. Commun.

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The region of chromosome XII containing the RDNI gene which encodes the cytosolic ribosomal RNA molecules and the region of chromosome Ill containing the H1S4 (histidine 4) gene were analysed in 30 lager yeast strains, 11 ale strains and 20 strains from a number of different species in the genus Saccharomyces.With the aid of restriction endonuclease fragment patterns and cloned probes to the RDN1 gene ofS. cerevisiae three forms of this gene were identified, two of them corresponding to the previously known forms I and II and a third one characterized by an additional HindlIl site located in the 3' spacer region. A more distantly related form of the RDNlgene containing a single HindlIl restriction site was found in Saccharomyces fermentati and one form without any Hindlll site in a wild yeast contaminant.With the help of the restriction endonuclease fragments derived from the HIS4 region seven genotypes can be recognized. They result from various combinations of three restriction endonuclease fragment patterns designated I, II and III, each pattern represents a chromosome.All lager strains are homozygous for form II of the ribosomal RNA gene and heterozygous for patterns I and II of the HIS4 gene. An exception is one German brewing strain which is homozygous for pattern II.With one exception the ale strains were homozygous for form II of the RDN1 gene and for pattern I of the HIS4 gene. One British strain contains form I of the RDN1 gene. Bakers yeast, S. diastaticus and S. italicus are homozygous for form I of the RDN1 gene and for pattern I of the HIS4 gene. In S. bayanus and S. pastorianus homozygosity for form III of the RDN1 gene was combined with heterozygosity for patterns II and III of the HIS4 gene. S. uvarum is homozygous for both form III of the RDN1 gene and pattern III of the HIS4 gene. Form III of the RDN1 gene and patterns I and ti of the HIS4 gene were combined in a Chinese brewing strain and a strain designated as a type strain ofS. carlsbergensis.The nucleotide sequence polymorphisms are useful markers for strain characterization in addition to the generally used fermentation properties.Abbreviations: bp = basepairs; kb = kilobase; SSC = 0.15 M-NaCI, 15 mM-Na citrate; Tris -tris-(hydroxymethyl)-amino methane.

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Construction of a hybrid brewing strain of saccharomyces carlsbergensis by mating of meiotic segregants

Cited by 83 publications

References 10 publications

Electrophoretic profile of hybrids between cryotolerant and non-cryotolerant Saccharomyces strains

Electrophoretic profile of hybrids between cryotolerant and non-cryotolerant Saccharomyces strains

DNA sequence polymorphisms in the genus saccharomyces III. Restriction endonuclease fragment patterns of chromosomal regions in brewing and other yeast strains

DNA sequence polymorphisms in the genus Saccharomyces. I. Comparison of theHIS4 and ribosomal RNA genes in lager strains, ale strains and various species

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