Construction of a conceptual model of comprehensive care for Indonesian children with human immunodeficiency virus

Social determinants of health on human immunodeficiency virus care quality in Indonesia

“…Constructivist grounded theory helps the researcher to conceptualize participants' experiences of HIV care across the continuum, understand the determinants of health, and resolve the problems of care for children LWH and their families which is limited in Indonesia. The output of this constructivist grounded theory: a core category and conceptual framework has been published elsewhere (Qur'aniati et al, 2022).…”

“…The Indonesian Ministry of Health reports that the cases of children living with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) below 19 years of age have cumulatively increased from 2133 in 2013 to 3055 in 2017 (The Ministry of Health, 2018). The government of Indonesia has established a national HIV programme responding to the rising number of HIV cases, however, the programme is focused on adults (Limardi et al, 2019) leading to the fragmentation of care for children and their families (Qur'aniati et al, 2022). HIV infection does not only have an impact on the physical health of children, but also results in socioeconomic hardship, psychosocial stress and emotional problems for children and their families leading to sub‐optimal treatment and care (Qur'aniati et al, 2022).…”

“…The government of Indonesia has established a national HIV programme responding to the rising number of HIV cases, however, the programme is focused on adults (Limardi et al, 2019) leading to the fragmentation of care for children and their families (Qur'aniati et al, 2022). HIV infection does not only have an impact on the physical health of children, but also results in socioeconomic hardship, psychosocial stress and emotional problems for children and their families leading to sub‐optimal treatment and care (Qur'aniati et al, 2022). Due to the complex problems experienced by children living with HIV (LWH), exploring the HIV care provided for children and their families may contribute to understanding how the determinants of health influence HIV care quality, which seems to be limited in Indonesia.…”

“…Children LWH are more likely to have complex problems because they have to deal with several medical problems, (Ntuli & Madiba, 2019; Rutakumwa et al, 2015), psychosocial stress, and emotional problems (Oyaitou et al, 2019). Similarly, Indonesian children LWH were at higher risk of non‐adherence to ARV treatment because of the bitter taste of the medication, the large size of the tablets, the unavailability of ARV dosage regimens for children, and a lack of programmes available to support adherence (Qur'aniati et al, 2022). Furthermore, Indonesian family members were hesitant to disclose their child's HIV diagnosis to their child or other family members, due to the fear of the adverse impact of disclosure, such as stigma and discrimination (Qur'aniati et al, 2022).…”

“…Similarly, Indonesian children LWH were at higher risk of non‐adherence to ARV treatment because of the bitter taste of the medication, the large size of the tablets, the unavailability of ARV dosage regimens for children, and a lack of programmes available to support adherence (Qur'aniati et al, 2022). Furthermore, Indonesian family members were hesitant to disclose their child's HIV diagnosis to their child or other family members, due to the fear of the adverse impact of disclosure, such as stigma and discrimination (Qur'aniati et al, 2022). The majority of existing studies discuss stigma and discrimination, and the prevalence of and barriers to, disclosure of HIV status (Busza et al, 2018; Geibel et al, 2017; Gyamfi et al, 2017; McHenry et al, 2017).…”