Construction of 6,10-syn- and -anti-2,5-Dioxabicyclo[2.2.1]heptane Skeletons via Oxonium Ion Formation/Fragmentation: Prediction of Structure of (E)-Ocellenyne by NMR Calculation
Abstract:A highly efficient and stereoselective route to potential synthetic intermediates for ocellenyne and related C acetogenin natural products with 6,10-syn- and 6,10-anti-2,5-dioxabicyclo[2.2.1]heptane core structures has been developed by means of an iterative biogenesis-inspired oxonium ion formation/fragmentation sequence. In accordance with chemical transformations, the most likely stereostructure for (E)-ocellenyne on the basis of GIAO C NMR calculations possesses a 6,10-anti-2,5-dioxabicyclo[2.2.1]heptane c… Show more
“…Alternatively, opening of 20 with bromide ion at C-13 would give the ocellenyes, 54 the full stereostructures of which have recently been tentatively reassigned based on DFT calculations and biogenetic considerations as 23. 55…”
Section: Oxonium Ions In Laurencia Natural Product Biosynthesismentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Opening of the oxonium ions 20 at C-10 or C-7 with bromide or chloride ions would generate the natural products 19 , 21 , 22 , and 24 . Alternatively, opening of 20 with bromide ion at C-13 would give the ocellenyes, the full stereostructures of which have recently been tentatively reassigned based on density functional theory (DFT) calculations and biogenetic considerations as 23 . , …”
Reactive intermediates frequently play significant roles in the biosynthesis of numerous classes of natural products although the direct observation of these biosynthetically relevant species is rare. We present here direct evidence for the existence of complex, thermally unstable, tricyclic oxonium ions that have been postulated as key reactive intermediates in the biosynthesis of numerous halogenated natural products from Laurencia species. Evidence for their existence comes from full characterization of these oxonium ions by low temperature NMR spectroscopy supported by DFT calculations, coupled with the direct generation of ten natural products on exposure of the oxonium ions to various nucleophiles.
“…Alternatively, opening of 20 with bromide ion at C-13 would give the ocellenyes, 54 the full stereostructures of which have recently been tentatively reassigned based on DFT calculations and biogenetic considerations as 23. 55…”
Section: Oxonium Ions In Laurencia Natural Product Biosynthesismentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Opening of the oxonium ions 20 at C-10 or C-7 with bromide or chloride ions would generate the natural products 19 , 21 , 22 , and 24 . Alternatively, opening of 20 with bromide ion at C-13 would give the ocellenyes, the full stereostructures of which have recently been tentatively reassigned based on density functional theory (DFT) calculations and biogenetic considerations as 23 . , …”
Reactive intermediates frequently play significant roles in the biosynthesis of numerous classes of natural products although the direct observation of these biosynthetically relevant species is rare. We present here direct evidence for the existence of complex, thermally unstable, tricyclic oxonium ions that have been postulated as key reactive intermediates in the biosynthesis of numerous halogenated natural products from Laurencia species. Evidence for their existence comes from full characterization of these oxonium ions by low temperature NMR spectroscopy supported by DFT calculations, coupled with the direct generation of ten natural products on exposure of the oxonium ions to various nucleophiles.
“…35 Among the acetogenic Laurencia natural products whose structures have been reassigned are laurefucin, 36,37 obtusallenes V, VI and VII, 16,19,26 elatenyne, [12][13][14][15]38 laurendecumenyne B, 15,39,40 aplysiallene, 41,42 a chloroenyne from Laurencia majuscula 13,34,38,43 and laurefurenynes A and B, [20][21][22] additionally the structures of the ocellenynes have been tentatively reassigned on the basis of biogenetic considerations and DFT calculations of NMR chemical shis. 24,44,45 The laurefurenynes are a series of six acetogenic natural products which were isolated and characterized by Jaspars and co-workers from a sample of Laurencia sp. collected in the Philippines in 1991.…”
The synthesis and structural reassignment of laurefurenynes C–F has been achieved, with the new structures fitting with a proposed biosynthesis. Also reported is the synthesis of ent-laurencin and ent-deacetyllaurencin via a retrobiomimetic approach.
“…Flexible, halogenated natural products epitomize this challenge and have been variously misassigned. 9…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Although elegant synthetic approaches have been developed to access multiple diastereomers of a target molecule, the ability to predict the most plausible relative and absolute configuration of flexible natural product structures is desirable. Flexible, halogenated natural products epitomize this challenge and have been variously misassigned …”
Despite numerous
advances in spectroscopic methods through the
latter part of the 20th century, the unequivocal structure determination
of natural products can remain challenging, and inevitably, incorrect
structures appear in the literature. Computational methods that allow
the accurate prediction of NMR chemical shifts have emerged as a powerful
addition to the toolbox of methods available for the structure determination
of small organic molecules. Herein, we report the structure determination
of a small, stereochemically rich natural product from Laurencia majuscula using the powerful combination
of computational methods and total synthesis, along with the structure
confirmation of notoryne, using the same approach. Additionally, we
synthesized three further diastereomers of the L. majuscula enyne and have demonstrated that computations are able to distinguish
each of the four synthetic diastereomers from the 32 possible diastereomers
of the natural product. Key to the success of this work is to analyze
the computational data to provide the greatest distinction between
each diastereomer, by identifying chemical shifts that are most sensitive
to changes in relative stereochemistry. The success of the computational
methods in the structure determination of stereochemically rich, flexible
organic molecules will allow all involved in structure determination
to use these methods with confidence.
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