“…For example, UAVs cannot work in inclement weather conditions (e.g., strong wind, rain) [ 46 , 105 , 112 , 138 ], and in some remote areas, UAVs must operate manually. In addition, robotic inspection systems require considerable costs for purchase, installation, training, and data processing [ 9 , 139 , 140 , 141 , 142 ]. Robots may also struggle in unexpected situations to interpret and comprehend the broad context of a construction project, such as timelines, construction plans, and customer requirements.…”