Construction Characteristics and Management Practices of In‐farm Irrigation Ponds in Intensive Agricultural Systems — Agronomic and Environmental Implications

Juan, Melchor; Casas, J. Jesús; Bonachela, S.; Fuentes-Rodríguez, Francisca; Gallego, Irene; Elorrieta, M.A.

doi:10.1002/ird.1667

Cited by 13 publications

(27 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…Regarding the type of construction, four types of ponds, grouped into two main categories, were represented ( Fig. Artificial-substratum ponds were above ground level, submitted to intensive management (periodic dredging and biocide treatments) and on average were 25 (CON) and 8 (PET) years old (Casas et al, 2011b;Juan et al, 2012). Natural-substratum ponds included embankments in small streams (EMB, n = 37) and ponds excavated in natural depressions (EXC, n = 18).…”

Section: Pond Selection and Characterisationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Recent studies concluded that artificialsubstratum ponds in this region are subjected to aggressive management regimes compared to natural-substratum ponds, characterised by periodic dredging and biocide application, primarily copper sulphate (Casas et al, 2011b;Juan et al, 2012). Recent studies concluded that artificialsubstratum ponds in this region are subjected to aggressive management regimes compared to natural-substratum ponds, characterised by periodic dredging and biocide application, primarily copper sulphate (Casas et al, 2011b;Juan et al, 2012).…”

Section: Pond Typology and Diversitymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, the highly disturbing management regime characteristic of many artificial-substratum ponds likely hinders the development of dense stands (Casas et al, 2011b;Juan et al, 2012). Furthermore, reception of sediment and nutrients from surrounding agricultural activities is likely to increase turbidity and eutrophication in natural-substratum ponds, as well as in several PET ponds due to reception of deficiently treated wastewaters (Casas et al, 2011b;Juan et al, 2012). Many EMB ponds located in traditional agro-sylvo-pastoral systems are particularly prone to turbidity due to their free access to livestock trampling.…”

Section: Effects Of Vegetation and Nutrients On Diversitymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, the morphological and management characteristics of farm ponds could make them unsuitable for many species (Sánchez-Zapata et al, 2005;Brainwood & Burgin, 2006;Markwell & Fellows, 2008;Lutton et al, 2010). Such manipulations impede the establishment and development of emergent and submerged vegetation (Casas et al, 2011bJuan et al, 2012). Such manipulations impede the establishment and development of emergent and submerged vegetation (Casas et al, 2011bJuan et al, 2012).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Often, newly constructed ponds are fundamentally different from those in traditional farmlands, that is, the former are often made of artificial substratum (concrete or plastic), have steep margins and are subjected to frequent dredging and treatment with biocides. In fact, dredging and biocide treatment are commonly used in intensive irrigation systems to control submerged aquatic vegetation (SAV; Juan et al, 2012), despite the fact that vegetation results in increased water clarity (which is desirable for drip irrigation systems) and plays a major role in biodiversity conservation (e.g. In fact, dredging and biocide treatment are commonly used in intensive irrigation systems to control submerged aquatic vegetation (SAV; Juan et al, 2012), despite the fact that vegetation results in increased water clarity (which is desirable for drip irrigation systems) and plays a major role in biodiversity conservation (e.g.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Diversity in Mediterranean farm ponds: trade‐offs and synergies between irrigation modernisation and biodiversity conservation

et al. 2012

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1. Agricultural intensification has caused dramatic biodiversity loss in many agricultural landscapes over the last century. Here, we investigated whether new types of farm ponds (made of artificial substrata) in intensive systems and natural-substratum ponds in traditional farming systems differ in their value for aquatic biodiversity conservation. 2. We analysed the main patterns of environmental variation, compared a-, b- and c-diversity of macroinvertebrates between ponds types and evaluated the role of submerged aquatic vegetation (SAV). Generalised additive models (GAM) were used to analyse the relationships of a- and b-diversity with environmental predictors, and variation partitioning to separate the effect of environmental and spatial characteristics on the variation in macroinvertebrate assemblages. Moran’s eigenvector maps (MEMs) were used to define spatial variables. 3. A principal coordinate analysis (PCoA) detected a primary environmental gradient that separated nutrient-rich ponds from those dominated by SAV; a secondary morphometric gradient distinguished natural-substratum ponds, with large surface area and structural complexity, from artificial-substratum ponds with steeper slopes. Natural-substratum ponds had almost twice the a- and c-diversity of artificial-substratum ponds, and diversity significantly increased when SAV was present, particularly in artificial-substratum ponds. Total phosphorus (TP) strongly contributed to explain the patterns in diversity, while SAV was a significant predictor of assemblage composition and diversity. GAMs revealed optima of both a-diversity at intermediate SAV covers and b-diversity at intermediate–high TP concentrations. 4. These findings have important implications for conservation planning. Adaptation of artificialsubstratum ponds by adding natural substratum and smoothing the gradient of pond margins would improve their conservation value. Development of SAV with occasional harvests and certain cautionary measures to control nutrient levels may also improve both the agronomical and environmental function of ponds

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Section: Pond Selection and Characterisationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Pond Typology and Diversitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Effects Of Vegetation and Nutrients On Diversitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Diversity in Mediterranean farm ponds: trade‐offs and synergies between irrigation modernisation and biodiversity conservation

et al. 2012

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Effects of organic matter, alkalinity and pH on acute copper toxicity to mosquitofish,Gambusia holbrooki: Implications for a multipurpose management of irrigation ponds

Sáez

Casas

Guil-Gerrero

et al. 2013

Internat. Rev. Hydrobiol.

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This study evaluates the effects of water quality, i.e. organic matter content, alkalinity, and pH, on acute copper toxicity to mosquitofish (Gambusia holbrooki Girard, 1859), an invasive species widespread in natural and artificial wetlands. The aim of this study was to improve our understanding of the consequences of CuSO4 treatments on biodiversity conservation in irrigation ponds. Tests were carried out using three water types: irrigation‐pond water (IPW) of relatively high organic matter levels and slightly alkaline pH; IPW treated with sodium hypoclorite (IPW + SH) to remove organic matter and raise pH; dechlorinated tap water (DTW) with a relatively low alkalinity and organic matter, and a circumneutral pH. Fish were exposed for 96‐h under static conditions to 0.25, 0.75, 1.5, and 4 mgCu/L. Mortality was monitored every 24 h and LC50 values were determined. After the 96 h period, the Cu concentration in gills was also determined. The LC50‐96 h values were 1.90 (IPW), 1.51 (IPW + SH), and 0.78 (DTW) mg Cu/L, which can be considered relatively high. The concentration of copper in gills increased with the nominal Cu concentration in the three water treatments, and was significantly higher in DTW compared with IPW and IPW + SH. These results indicate that the relatively high alkalinity and, particularly, organic matter levels in pond water substantially buffer copper bioavailability to mosquitofish. However, chronic exposure to continuous Cu treatments and its accumulation in pond sediments are likely to produce stress symptoms at the individual and population levels of vertebrate and invertebrate species, which, besides agronomical and human health reasons, advise against using CuSO4 as a management tool for irrigation ponds.

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Pond management and water quality for drip irrigation in Mediterranean intensive horticultural systems

et al. 2012

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The influence of pond management on water quality for drip-irrigated crops was studied throughout a field survey and a mesocosm experiment. Water sources were pooled into two groups: ground or surface water (GW/SW) and recycled wastewater. Pond covering, which was limited to about a quarter of them, improved water quality by reducing phytoplankton biomass. However, biocide applications and pond dredging were ineffective at improving in-pond water quality. Dredging did not reduce the concentrations of planktonic chlorophyll a or total suspended solids (TSS) in GW/SW fed ponds, whereas biocide applications increased both parameters. Field and experimental data proved that the two predominant taxa of submerged aquatic vegetation (SAV) found in ponds (Potamogeton pectinatus and Chara spp.) improved water quality by increasing water oxygenation and decreasing chlorophyll a and TSS concentrations. Preserving SAV (especially Chara spp.) appears to be an environmentfriendly, cost-effective and recommendable alternative strategy for irrigation pond management

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Construction Characteristics and Management Practices of In‐farm Irrigation Ponds in Intensive Agricultural Systems — Agronomic and Environmental Implications

Cited by 13 publications

References 22 publications

Diversity in Mediterranean farm ponds: trade‐offs and synergies between irrigation modernisation and biodiversity conservation

Diversity in Mediterranean farm ponds: trade‐offs and synergies between irrigation modernisation and biodiversity conservation

Effects of organic matter, alkalinity and pH on acute copper toxicity to mosquitofish,Gambusia holbrooki: Implications for a multipurpose management of irrigation ponds

Pond management and water quality for drip irrigation in Mediterranean intensive horticultural systems

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