Construction and investigation of a planar waveguide in photo-thermal-refractive glass by proton implantation

Chen, Jingyi; Xie, Zhong-Hu; Li, Weinan; Lin, Shu; Zhang, Liao-Lin; Liu, Chun-Xiao

doi:10.1016/j.ijleo.2020.164461

Cited by 8 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…As it is described in [19], the preceding formalism, which is valid for s-polarisation, calculates output values (n r , n i ) from refractometric input pairs (θ c , R c ) by successive algebraic substitutions into Equations ( 5)- (8). Let us remark that Equations ( 5) and ( 6) are also valid for p-polarised light, in which case however, there exist no explicit solutions for α and γ such as those provided by Equation (7). Instead, these parameters can be calculated as solutions to two algebraic equations, as is analytically shown in [19].…”

Section: Background Theory and Initial Observationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Critical angle refractometry is the standard for determining the refractive index of transparent media [1][2][3][4][5][6]. The method relies on measurements of the reflectance, R(θ), of the interface, formed by a transparent front medium (which is commonly a prism) of known refractive index, n o , and the sample of unknown index, n, for a range of incidence angles, θ, that includes the critical angle, θ c , of total internal reflection (TIR) [7][8][9].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Critical Angle Refractometry for Lossy Media with a Priori Known Extinction Coefficient

Koutsoumpos

Giannios

Moutzouris

2021

Physics

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Critical angle refractometry is an established technique for determining the refractive index of liquids and solids. For transparent samples, the critical angle refractometry precision is limited by incidence angle resolution. For lossy samples, the precision is also affected by reflectance measurement error. In the present study, it is demonstarted that reflectance error can be practically eliminated, provided that the sample’s extinction coefficient is a priori known with sufficient accuracy (typically, better than 5%) through an independent measurement. Then, critical angle refractometry can be as precise with lossy media as with transparent ones.

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Section: Background Theory and Initial Observationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Critical Angle Refractometry for Lossy Media with a Priori Known Extinction Coefficient

Koutsoumpos

Giannios

Moutzouris

2021

Physics

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“…Optical waveguide is building brick for integrated photonic devices, and therefore development of high performance optical waveguide fabrication technology is one of key issue that have to be addressed. In recent years, ion implantation technique, with doping ion of proton [15] , helium [16] and carbon [17] , among other species, have been attempting to fabricate optical waveguide in various PRT glass substrate. However, ion implantation techniques usually produce optical waveguide of high propagation loss, due mainly to surface defects induces in waveguide forming process.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Optical waveguide manufactured in photo-thermo-refractive glass substrate by ion exchange

Hao

Guo

et al. 2023

Advanced Optical Manufacturing Technologies and Applications 2022; And 2nd International Forum of Young Scientists on Advanced

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Photo-thermo-refractive (PTR) glasses exhibit promising characteristics for volume Bragg grating fabrication, one of key devices for construction of high performance lasers, among other optical device and systems. Aiming at employing this type of glass materials in the field of integrated photonics, buried optical channel waveguide is manufactured in PTR glass substrate by Ag + /Na + thermal ion exchange and subsequent field assisted ion migration. The Ag + doped zone in glass substrate, which is also the waveguide core, can be driven to several micrometers under the glass substrate surface, which decreases the propagation loss to a value as low as 0.12dB/cm, by eliminate scattering loss at glass substrate defects. Cross section of the waveguide core can be also engineered to match the core of single mode fiber, ensures a low coupling loss to single mode fiber. Analysis demonstrated that the buried optical waveguide fabrication proves can be expected to be applied in functional integrated optical device implementation.

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“…Owing to their uniquely high amplitude of refractive index change, high thermal stability, and good optical transparency, PTR glasses have found extensive applications as a matrix material for the fabrication of various volume Bragg gratings that are extensively serving as wavelength-selective elements for the construction of high-performance lasers, spectroscopies, 3-D display instruments and AR devices [4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13] as well. Moreover, driven by strong application demands of optical devices in the field of optoelectronics, PTR glasses have been expected to play an even more important role in the fabrication of fiber optical devices [14] , guided-wave devices [15][16][17][18] , and optical amplifier [19][20] as well, thanks to their excellent comprehensive performance.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Optical waveguide in thermally developed photo-thermo-refractive glass substrate

Hao

et al. 2023

Ninth Symposium on Novel Photoelectronic Detection Technology and Applications

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Photo-thermo-refractive (PTR) glasses are a new category of materials that possess special characteristics of refractive index decrement induced by UV exposure and subsequent thermal development. PTR glasses have been extensively utilized for the fabrication of various volume Bragg grating and are expected to play an important role in the construction of high-performance guided-wave devices. Investigations on the optical waveguide fabrication process in thermally developed PTR glass Substrate are demonstrated. Optical grade PTR glass of the SiO2-Al2O3-Na2O-ZnO-NaF-KBr system and doped with Ce, Ag, Sb, and Sn, is firstly melted, and then glass wafers made of the homemade PTR glass are UV exposed and thermal developed, during which nanometer-sized NaF crystalline is formed in these PTR glass wafers. The thermally developed PTR glass wafers are finally subjected to conventional glass-based optical waveguide melt salt thermal Ag+/Na+ ion exchange and subsequently field-assisted ion diffusion for waveguide fabrication. Results exhibited that buried channel optical waveguide, with Ag+ doped waveguide core dimension of approximately 9.5μm×8.6μm buried 5.2μm under the substrate surface can be obtained by the current procedure. In the current paper, the feasibility of implementing buried waveguide fabrication in thermally developed PTR glass materials is experimentally demonstrated. Since the shape and dimension of the waveguide core is well matched to that of single-mode fiber, and the buried waveguide eliminates scattering loss at the glass substrate surface, the buried optical waveguide is expected to find applications in guided-wave device fabrication.

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Construction and investigation of a planar waveguide in photo-thermal-refractive glass by proton implantation

Cited by 8 publications

References 25 publications

Critical Angle Refractometry for Lossy Media with a Priori Known Extinction Coefficient

Critical Angle Refractometry for Lossy Media with a Priori Known Extinction Coefficient

Optical waveguide manufactured in photo-thermo-refractive glass substrate by ion exchange

Optical waveguide in thermally developed photo-thermo-refractive glass substrate

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